Formal Charges
Formal charges have an important role in organic chemistry since this concept helps us to know whether an atom in a molecule is neutral/bears a positive or negative charge. Even if some molecules are neutral, the atoms within that molecule need not be neutral atoms.
Polarity Of Water
In simple chemical terms, polarity refers to the separation of charges in a chemical species leading into formation of two polar ends which are positively charged end and negatively charged end. Polarity in any molecule occurs due to the differences in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms. Water, as we all know has two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. As oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen thus, there exists polarity in the bonds which is why water is known as a polar solvent.
Valence Bond Theory Vbt
Valence bond theory (VBT) in simple terms explains how individual atomic orbitals with an unpaired electron each, come close to each other and overlap to form a molecular orbital giving a covalent bond. It gives a quantum mechanical approach to the formation of covalent bonds with the help of wavefunctions using attractive and repulsive energies when two atoms are brought from infinity to their internuclear distance.
1.) What is the Lewis structure for the methylthiolate anion, CH3S-. Carbon is the central atom. Show any nonzero formal charges.
2.) Proteins are large molecules that affect almost every function of the human body. Proteins are composed of smaller building blocks called amino acids. The simplest amino acid is glycine. When dissolved in water, two atoms in a glycine molecule have a formal charge. In the lewis structure of glycine C2H5NO2 all bonds are drawn (image is provided), but the unbonded valence electrons (lone pairs) are missing.
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- Copy the structure and draw the missing valence electrons (lone pairs).
- Locate the 2 atoms that have a nonzero formal charge. Calculate the charge at these sites.
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