what is the level of signicance? State the rull and alternate hypotheses. Will you use a left-tailed, right-taled, or two-taled test? OHH0; H 0; left-taled O H 0, HH0, two-tatled OH H-0, H 0, nght-taled OH H> 0, H H0, nght-taled (b) what sampling distribution will you use? What assumptions are you making? O The Student's t. We assume that d has an approximately unform distribution. O The standard normal. we assume that d has an approximately normal distribution O The Student's t. we assume that d has an approximately normal distribution. O The standard normal. We assume that d has an approximately uniform distribution. what is the value of the sample test statistic (Round your answer to three decimal places.) (c) Find (or estimate) the Pvalue. (Round your answer to four deomal places.) OPvalue> 0.250 O 0.125
Compound Probability
Compound probability can be defined as the probability of the two events which are independent. It can be defined as the multiplication of the probability of two events that are not dependent.
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Probability theory is a branch of mathematics that deals with the subject of probability. Although there are many different concepts of probability, probability theory expresses the definition mathematically through a series of axioms. Usually, these axioms express probability in terms of a probability space, which assigns a measure with values ranging from 0 to 1 to a set of outcomes known as the sample space. An event is a subset of these outcomes that is described.
Conditional Probability
By definition, the term probability is expressed as a part of mathematics where the chance of an event that may either occur or not is evaluated and expressed in numerical terms. The range of the value within which probability can be expressed is between 0 and 1. The higher the chance of an event occurring, the closer is its value to be 1. If the probability of an event is 1, it means that the event will happen under all considered circumstances. Similarly, if the probability is exactly 0, then no matter the situation, the event will never occur.
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In this problem, assume that the distribution of differences is approximately normal. Note: For degrees of freedom d.f. not in the Student's t table, use the dosest df. that is smaller. In some stuations, this cholce of d.f. may Increase the P-value by a smal amount and therefore produce a
slightly more "conservative answer.
The western United States has a number of four-lane Interstate highways that cut through long tracts of wilderness. To prevent car accidents with wild animals, the highways are bordered on both sides with 12-foot-high woven wire fences. Athough the fences prevent accidents, they also
disturb the winter migration pattern of many anlmals. To compensate for this disturbance, the highways have frequent wilderness underpasses designed for exclusive use by deer, elk, and other animals. In Colorado, there is a large group of deer that spend their summer months in a reglon
on one side of a highway and survive the winter months in a lower regton on the other side. To determine if the highway has disturbed deer migration to the winter feeding area, the following data were gathered on a random sample of 10 wilderness districts in the winter feeding area. Row 8
represents the average January deer count for a 5-year perlod before the highway was built, and row A represents the average January deer count for a 5-year period after the highway was butlt. The highway department daims that the January population has not changed. Test this daim
against the dalm that the 3anuary population has dropped. Use a 5% level of significance. Units used in the table are hundreds of deer. (Let d=B- A.)
34 S
5.6 17.4
A: After highway 9.1 B.4 10.0 4.3 4.0 7.1 15.2 B.3 12.27
7
20.5 16.2 18.9 11.6
9 10
wilderness District 1 2
B: Before highway 10.3 7.4 12.9
9.9
7.3
(a) what is the level of signiicance?
State the null and alternate hypotheses. will you use a left-taled, right-tailed, or two-talled test?
OHo H-0; H <0; left-tarled
O Ho H-0, H 0; two-taled
O Ho H-0; H > 0; right-taled
O Ho H> 0; H H- 0; nght-taled
(b) what sampling distribution will you use? What assumptions are you making?
O The Student's t. We assume that d has an approximately untform distribution.
O The standard normal. We assume that d has an approximately normal distribution.
O The Student's t. We assume that d has an approxtmately normal distribution.
O The standard normal. we assume that d has an approxdmately uniform distribution.
What is the value of the sample test statistic? (Round your answer to three decimal places.)
(c) Find (or estimate) the Pvalue. (Round your answer to four decimal places.)
O Pvalue> 0.250
O 0.125 <P.value < 0.250
O 0.050 < P-value < 0.125
O 0.025 < P.value <0.o50
O 0.005 < P-value <0.025
OPvalue <0.005
Sketch the sampling distribution and show the area comresponding to the Pvalue
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