What is the hybridization of the carbon atom indicated by the arrow in this structure? All atoms in this structure are neutral. o sp3 sp o sp2 o The carbon is not hybridized COC
Formal Charges
Formal charges have an important role in organic chemistry since this concept helps us to know whether an atom in a molecule is neutral/bears a positive or negative charge. Even if some molecules are neutral, the atoms within that molecule need not be neutral atoms.
Polarity Of Water
In simple chemical terms, polarity refers to the separation of charges in a chemical species leading into formation of two polar ends which are positively charged end and negatively charged end. Polarity in any molecule occurs due to the differences in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms. Water, as we all know has two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. As oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen thus, there exists polarity in the bonds which is why water is known as a polar solvent.
Valence Bond Theory Vbt
Valence bond theory (VBT) in simple terms explains how individual atomic orbitals with an unpaired electron each, come close to each other and overlap to form a molecular orbital giving a covalent bond. It gives a quantum mechanical approach to the formation of covalent bonds with the help of wavefunctions using attractive and repulsive energies when two atoms are brought from infinity to their internuclear distance.
Please help, a bit conufsed
A black arrow points to a carbon atom within a molecular structure.
**Options:**
- ⃝ sp3
- ⃝ sp
- ⃝ sp2
- ⃝ The carbon is not hybridized
### Explanation:
In this question, you are required to determine the hybridization state of a particular carbon atom, as indicated by the arrow in the displayed molecular structure. Hybridization is a concept in chemistry where atomic orbitals mix to form new hybrid orbitals, which influences molecular geometry and bonding properties.
### Analysis of the Structure:
- The molecular structure shown clearly marks the carbon atom with an arrow.
- The hybridization state depends on the number of sigma bonds and lone pairs associated with the carbon atom:
- **sp3 hybridization**: Occurs when a carbon atom forms four sigma bonds (tetrahedral geometry).
- **sp2 hybridization**: Occurs when a carbon atom forms three sigma bonds and has one unhybridized p orbital (trigonal planar geometry).
- **sp hybridization**: Occurs when a carbon atom forms two sigma bonds and has two unhybridized p orbitals (linear geometry).
- **No hybridization**: Occurs in specific unique cases where pure p and s orbitals are utilized without forming hybrid orbitals.
Please analyze the provided structure and select the appropriate hybridization state from the options above.
Would you like step-by-step guidance on how to determine hybridization in molecular structures? Click [here](#) to learn more.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Ffb6abb0f-4367-447a-ab31-0a44cd95ae50%2Ff7b20e13-585d-4d22-aacb-5bcdae98c0b0%2F45pwoge_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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