What is the efficacy class of St? i=1 O O(n) O 0(1) O O(logn) O On*n) O O(n logn)

Database System Concepts
7th Edition
ISBN:9780078022159
Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
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### Complexity Analysis of Summation

#### Question:
What is the efficacy class of \(\sum_{i=1}^{n} \frac{i}{n}\)?

#### Answer Choices:
- \(O(n)\)
- \(O(1)\)
- \(\Theta(\log n)\)
- \(O(n^2)\)
- \(O(n \log n)\)

### Explanation:
Understanding the time complexity for a given algorithmic function requires in-depth analysis of the function itself. 

Consider the summation:
\[
\sum_{i=1}^{n} \frac{i}{n}
\]
This can be simplified to:
\[
\frac{1}{n} \sum_{i=1}^{n} i
\]
The arithmetic series sum \(\sum_{i=1}^{n} i\) formula is given by:
\[
\sum_{i=1}^{n} i = \frac{n(n+1)}{2}
\]
Substituting this into our equation, we have:
\[
\frac{1}{n} \cdot \frac{n(n+1)}{2} = \frac{n+1}{2}
\]

For large values of \(n\), the term \(\frac{n+1}{2}\) is asymptotically equivalent to \(O(n)\) since constant factors and lower-order terms are ignored in Big-O notation.

Thus, the efficacy class or time complexity is:

**Answer: \(O(n)\)**
Transcribed Image Text:### Complexity Analysis of Summation #### Question: What is the efficacy class of \(\sum_{i=1}^{n} \frac{i}{n}\)? #### Answer Choices: - \(O(n)\) - \(O(1)\) - \(\Theta(\log n)\) - \(O(n^2)\) - \(O(n \log n)\) ### Explanation: Understanding the time complexity for a given algorithmic function requires in-depth analysis of the function itself. Consider the summation: \[ \sum_{i=1}^{n} \frac{i}{n} \] This can be simplified to: \[ \frac{1}{n} \sum_{i=1}^{n} i \] The arithmetic series sum \(\sum_{i=1}^{n} i\) formula is given by: \[ \sum_{i=1}^{n} i = \frac{n(n+1)}{2} \] Substituting this into our equation, we have: \[ \frac{1}{n} \cdot \frac{n(n+1)}{2} = \frac{n+1}{2} \] For large values of \(n\), the term \(\frac{n+1}{2}\) is asymptotically equivalent to \(O(n)\) since constant factors and lower-order terms are ignored in Big-O notation. Thus, the efficacy class or time complexity is: **Answer: \(O(n)\)**
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