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What is the difference between elastic strain and plastic strain?

Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations and Connections

1st Edition

ISBN:9781133939146

Author:Katz, Debora M.

Publisher:Katz, Debora M.

Chapter14: Static Equilibrium, Elasticity, And Fracture

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 46PQ: Use the graph in Figure P14.46 to list the three materials from greatest Youngs modulus to smallest....

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Concept explainers

Mechanical Properties of Solids

There are three types of matter- solid, liquid and gas. Out of them, solids have a rigid shaped and size. The intermolecular forces of attractions in solids are greatest. Mechanical properties are the physical properties of a material which it shows, when it is provided with certain amount of force or load. These properties are to be kept in mind for various purposes. When a force is applied to an object, the object may or may not get deformed depending upon its elastic property. But every time the object develops a restoring force against the force applied. This is commonly known as stress. If the object changes its dimensions due to the force applied it develops strain ( which is the ratio of change in dimension to the original dimension).

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Review. On a day that the temperature is 20.0C, a concrete walk is poured in such a way that the ends of the walk are unable to move. Take Youngs modulus for concrete to be 7.00 109 N/m2 and the compressive strength to be 2.00 109 N/m2. (a) What is the stress in the cement on a hot day of 50.0C? (b) Does the concrete fracture?
The lintel of prestressed reinforced concrete in Figure P12.27 is 1.50 m long. The concrete encloses one steel reinforcing rod with cross-sectional area 1.50 cm2. The rod joins two strong end plates. The cross-sectional area of the concrete perpendicular to the rod is 50.0 cm2. Youngs modulus for the concrete is 30.0 109 N/m2. After the concrete cures and the original tension T1 in the rod is released, the concrete is to be under compressive stress 8.00 106 N/m2. (a) By what distance will the rod compress the concrete when the original tension in the rod is released? (b) What is the new tension T2 in the rod? (c) The rod will then be how much longer than its unstressed length? (d) When the concrete was poured, the rod should have been stretched by what extension distance from its unstressed length? (e) Find the required original tension T1 in the rod. Figure P12.27
Assume Youngs modulus for bone is 1.50 1010 N/m2. The bone breaks if stress greater than 1.50 108 N/m2 is imposed on it. (a) What is the maximum force that can be exerted on the femur bone in the leg if it has a minimum effective diameter of 2.50 cm? (b) If this much force is applied compressively, by how much does the 25.0-cm-long bone shorten?
Use the graph in Figure P14.46 to list the three materials from greatest Youngs modulus to smallest. Explain your reasoning. FIGURE P14.46
Consider the sketch of a portion of a roller-coaster track seen in Figure P14.5. Identify places on the track that could be considered possible locations of static equilibrium for a rollercoaster car were the car to be placed at any spot on the track.Which places are candidate locations for stable, unstable, andneutral static equilibrium? FIGURE P14.5
7- Question 7. The following true stress-strain curve for a carbon nanofiber/epoxy with CaCO3 nanoparticles embedded in the matrix is represented in the figure bellow. Calculate the followings: a) K and n of stress-strain equation o=K ɛ". b) modulus of elasticity. c) toughness. 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 Strain % Stress (MPa)
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Q1. A bar of thickness 15mm and having a rectangular cross-section carries a load of 120kN. Determine the minimum width of the bar to limit the stress to 200MPa. The bar, which is 1m long, extends by 2.5mm when carrying a load of 120kN. Determine the modulus of elasticity of the material of the bar.
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A steel bar is stresses to 250 MPa. The modulus of elasticity is 250 GPa. The bar is 80 mm diameter and 240 mm long. Determine strain and force.
2. Let's look at the femur – the largest, longest, and strongest bone of the human skeleton. Let's do some calculation to see if it makes sense. How much does the femur shorten when you stand on one foot? (With no stress the femur is about 0.5 m long. The cross-sections effective area is approximately 370 mm2.) would happen if you try to lift a truck? The femur is probably going to break. Femur is considered a stiff 3. ultimate strength X fracture yield but fragile material; the bone will break under a large E enough force. The linear relationship (Hooke's law) only applies for an elastic region. Beyond this the material post-yield strain will begin to yield and eventually fracture. Strain 4. Assume the bone will fracture if more than 1.5 x 108 N/m2 is exerted. What is the maximum force that can be exerted on the femur bone? Stress