What is the CRUDE PRODUCT, and the crude EXPERIMENTAL YIELD in this experiment. Ph1. NaOH, MW2. НСIH2NNH2HN,NHPhMajorMinor Experiment 10: Microwave Chemistry-Synthesis of Phenytoin (Data Sheet)Running the reaction0.70 g of urea, 1.30 g of benzil, and 0.61 g of sodium hydroxide were ground together in amortar yielding a yellow powerThe mixture was transferred to a 25 mL beakerAfter covering the beaker with a watch glass, it was placed in the microwave and heatedfor 90 seconds with 280 WattThe mixture melted and turned pale yellowProduct isolationAfter cooling, the mixture is transferred to a mortar and ground into a powderThe solids were extracted twice with 5 mL of 95 % ethanolThe combined organic layers were placed in a beaker and 4 mL of 6 M HCl addeddropwise; the pH value was below pH=2 and a white precipitate was formedThe solids were isolated by vacuum filtration using a Hirsch funnel and rinsed with 2 mL95 % ethanolThe crude was recrystallized from 10 mL of ethanol:water (8:2)The fine needles were isolated by vacuum filtration using a Hirsch funnel and rinsed with1 mL 95 % ethanolProduct characterization1.65 g of the crude product1.25 g of the final productM.p.: 296.5-299.2 °C

From the reaction it is clear that one mole benzil reacts with one mole urea to give one mole phenytoin. Molecular weight of benzil, urea and phenytoin are 210.232, 60.06 and 252.268 gm/mol respectively. 210.232 gm benzil reacts with 60.06 gm urea So, 1.3 gm benzil will react with = (1.3*60.06)/210.232 = 0.37 gm urea But, 0.7 gm urea is given. So, benzil is the limiting reagent. 210.232 gm benzil gives 252.268 gm phenytoin So, 1.3 gm benzil will give = (1.3*252.268)/210.232 = 1.5599 gm phenytoin. So, the theoritical yield = 1.5599 gm Percentage yield of crude = (1.65/1.5599)*100% = 105.7%. This means a lot of impurities are there. Actual yield of final product = 1.25 gm So, percentage yield of final product = (1.25/1.5599)*100% = 80.13%.