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What is the age and what kind of rocks are in Richland County

What is the age and what kind of rocks are in Richland County

Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN:9780134746241
Author:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Chapter1: The Study Of Minerals
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1LR
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What is the age and what kind of rocks are in Richland County? (Hint: look on the second page of the map)

BEDROCK GEOLOGIC MAP OF OHIO wood aUMBU DERANC LORAIN HURON SINECA HANCO WAN WRT GAWFORD OLLANDA AND nE ALLEN COLU A HARDIN Glacial Mnota Margia CARROLL AIGLAUE TUSCARAWA UNON HARRSON MADISON BANGLIN PRELE NOLE GENE MORGAN FAYET CINTON HOLAND Key Quaternary laros ction any Permian-Pennaylvanian OALLIA Pennsylvanian Mississippian Serpent Mound Impact Structure Devonian Silurian Ordovician Ordovician-Cambrian laros action any 20 30 40 miles Neoproteroaoie laron action anly O 10 20 30 40 50 kilametera Mesoproterazoie Jaro ction anly Fault BELLEFONTA au A MICSAN BAN APLACHAN RaN A GRANITE RYOU LAST CONTINENT RPT AN NMLLEROVINCE Cealg uy
Transcribed Image Text:BEDROCK GEOLOGIC MAP OF OHIO wood aUMBU DERANC LORAIN HURON SINECA HANCO WAN WRT GAWFORD OLLANDA AND nE ALLEN COLU A HARDIN Glacial Mnota Margia CARROLL AIGLAUE TUSCARAWA UNON HARRSON MADISON BANGLIN PRELE NOLE GENE MORGAN FAYET CINTON HOLAND Key Quaternary laros ction any Permian-Pennaylvanian OALLIA Pennsylvanian Mississippian Serpent Mound Impact Structure Devonian Silurian Ordovician Ordovician-Cambrian laros action any 20 30 40 miles Neoproteroaoie laron action anly O 10 20 30 40 50 kilametera Mesoproterazoie Jaro ction anly Fault BELLEFONTA au A MICSAN BAN APLACHAN RaN A GRANITE RYOU LAST CONTINENT RPT AN NMLLEROVINCE Cealg uy
This map is a generalizaticn of the Bedrock Gologie Map of Ohio (Slucher and others, 2006)-the first statewide 1:500,000-acale bedrock-goology map compiled by the Ohio Division of Gealogical Survey since 1920 and the first to pruperly portray the bedrock geology that exista beneath the extensive deposita of Quaternary Period of widespread eraaion edimenta that cover much of the bedrock in the state. Overall, the bedrock goology of Ohio consista of fat lying to gently dipping carbonste, siliciclastie, evaporite, and organoclastie atrata of sodi- Quaternary (about 1.8 million yeara ago to present)-Uncon- solidated sedimente till, gravel, kand, silt, elay, and arganie debria. Continental origin. (Shown in croas section anly) Permian and Pennsylvanian (about 298 to 302 million yeara lago)-Sedimentary rucks mainly shale, aandatone, siltatone, mudatone, and minor coal. Continental arigin. mentary origin that range in age from Upper Ordovician to Upper Carboniferous-Lower Permian. At depth, e illustrated in the crose ecticen, older sedimentary, igneous, and metamoerphie rocks that range from Lower Ordovician to Mesoproteruzoie in age occur. At the surface, an imegular veneer of mainly unconsolidated Quater- mary sodimenta conceal most bedrock units occurring northward and westward of the glacial margin. Strata of the Ordovician System are the oldest exposed rocks in Ohio and consist mainly of alternating shale and limestone e- quences. Silurian System strata are mostly dolomites with leseer Pennsylvanian (about 302 to 307 million yeara ago) Sedimen- tary rocks mainly shale, sandstone, siltatone, mudstone, lime- stone, and some coal. Continental and marine crigin. Pennsylvanian about 307 to 318 million years agol-Sedimen- |tary rocke mainly aandstone, siltatone, shale, and conglomer- ate, with sceme ne coal and limestone. Deltaie and marine origin. Period of widespread erasian amounts of shale. Rocks of the Devonian System consist of two con- trasting types. Lower and Middle Devonian-age strata are mainly carbonste rocks wheresa Upper Devonian-age rocks consist mostly of elastic rocka. In Champaign and Logan Counties, Devonian rocks Mississippian (sabout 322 to 359 million years ago)-Sedimen- tary rocka sandstone, shale, wiltatone, conglomerate, and mi- accur on a small erosional remnant referred to as the Bellefuntaine Outlier by gealogista. Caincidentally, the highest topographic point in Ohio (Campbell Hill-1,549 feet above sea level) occurs alao in nor limestone. Marine to marginal marine origin. Devonian (about 3e to 385 millicen yeara ago)-Sedimentary rcks: mainly shale and siltstone with aome sandstone. Ma- rine to marginal marine origin. this area. The Carbaniferous Syatem ia divided into two Subaystema, the Missiasippian and Pennaylvanian. Missiasippian atrata are mostly shales and andatones that ocur locally in various proportions. Pennaylvanian strata consist mainly of a diverse array of altermat- ing aandstones, ailtatones, ahales, mudstones, limestones, and un- derelaya; economie coal beda occur alao in porticea of this sequence. The youngest interval of sedimentary rocks in Ohảo, the Dunkard Ciroup, occurs cnly in outheatern Ohio snd consista of strata similar in composition to the underlying Upper Pennaylvanian- age rocks; however, the age of the Dunkard Group has been de- hated since Devonian (about 385 to 407 millicen yeara ago)-Sedimentary rocka: mainly limestone and dalomite with aome ahale, and minor sandatone. Marine and eolian origin. Period of widespread erasian |Silurian (about 416 to 423 million yeara ago)-Sedimentary rucke: dolomite, anhydrite, gypeum, alt, and shale. Marine and restricted marine crigin. e late 1800. Dunkard strata contain a well-atudied late Pennaylvanian-age aasemblage of plant foeila with infrequent carly Permian-age forma. Yet, foil plant apores found in coal bede in the interval anly support a late, but not latest Pennaylvanian age. Thus, until more definitive foesils are found, goologist are un- able to determine the exact age of the Dunkard Group beyond a combined Permian-Pennaylvanisn sge ssignment. In west-central Ohia, the ancient Teaya River ayatem extended acrosa much of Ohio during the late Neogene to carly Quaternary Perioda and sculptured an extensive notwoek of doeply dissected valleys into the bedrock surface. The spatial configuration of many geologie unita on this map elearly reflects the major channel net- works of these former drainage sywtems. Alan, four majar rgional structural gealogy elements affect the spatial distribution of rocks in Ohio: the Appalachian and Michigan hasins, and the Cincinnati Silurian (about 423 to 435 million year agu)-Sedimentary rucke dolamite and shale with sceme limestone. Marine origin. Period of widespread erasian Ordovician (alout 440 to 450 million yeara ago-Sedimentary rocka ahale and limestone. Marine origin. Ordovician (about 400 to 400 million yeara ago-Sedimentary rucks: limestone and shale. Marine origin. Period of widespread erosion Ordovician and Cambrian (about 486 to 510 million yeare sgu)- Sedimentary rocke mainly dolomite, sandstone, shale, with mi- nar limestone. Marine arigin. (Shown in eros ection only) and Findlay arches which occur betwoen the two hasina. Locally. everal high-angle noemal faults displace rocka in the state. The Serpent Mound Impact Structure in southern Ohio ia a circular ares of deformed and heoken rcka that is approximately four and one-half miles in diameter. Recent investigationa indicate the feature is the result of a metearite impact believed to have oc- curred between 256 and 310 million years aga Cross section A-A' traverses Ohio from the northwest to the Period of widespread erasian Neoproterozoie (between 900 million and 1 billion years ago)-Metamarphie rocke gneiss, achist, amphibolite, and marble; and igneoua rocke granite. Form during callision of tectonie plates. (Shown in eros ection only) outheast and intersects the southern portion of the Michigan Ba- sin, the area betwoen the Cincinnati and Findlay arches, and the western Appalachian Basin, respectively. The stratigraphic units shown in this prolile illustrate the brad, arching geometrie distor- tion to the bedrock in Ohio created mainly by periods of tectonie ubaidence within these regional structural hasins. For specifie detaila on the various rock unita, economie commodities, and goo logie hazarda within Ohio, e either the printed or digital versicen of the Bedrock Geologie Map of Ohio (Slucher and others, 2006). Both producta are available for purchase by contacting the ODNR Goologie Records Center by calling 614-265-6576 or emailing geo.surveydnr.state.ch.us. Mesoproterozoie (between 10 and 1.2 billion years agu-Sedi- mentary rocks: Kandstone and siltetone; and igneous rocke ha- walt and rhyulite. Farm during rifting of continental landmass. (Shown in er ection only) Period of widespread eraaion Mesoproterozoie (between 145 and 1.52 billion year agu)-lg- naous roks ganite and rhyulite. Formed during erutal evelu- tion and differentistion. Shown in e ection only)
Transcribed Image Text:This map is a generalizaticn of the Bedrock Gologie Map of Ohio (Slucher and others, 2006)-the first statewide 1:500,000-acale bedrock-goology map compiled by the Ohio Division of Gealogical Survey since 1920 and the first to pruperly portray the bedrock geology that exista beneath the extensive deposita of Quaternary Period of widespread eraaion edimenta that cover much of the bedrock in the state. Overall, the bedrock goology of Ohio consista of fat lying to gently dipping carbonste, siliciclastie, evaporite, and organoclastie atrata of sodi- Quaternary (about 1.8 million yeara ago to present)-Uncon- solidated sedimente till, gravel, kand, silt, elay, and arganie debria. Continental origin. (Shown in croas section anly) Permian and Pennsylvanian (about 298 to 302 million yeara lago)-Sedimentary rucks mainly shale, aandatone, siltatone, mudatone, and minor coal. Continental arigin. mentary origin that range in age from Upper Ordovician to Upper Carboniferous-Lower Permian. At depth, e illustrated in the crose ecticen, older sedimentary, igneous, and metamoerphie rocks that range from Lower Ordovician to Mesoproteruzoie in age occur. At the surface, an imegular veneer of mainly unconsolidated Quater- mary sodimenta conceal most bedrock units occurring northward and westward of the glacial margin. Strata of the Ordovician System are the oldest exposed rocks in Ohio and consist mainly of alternating shale and limestone e- quences. Silurian System strata are mostly dolomites with leseer Pennsylvanian (about 302 to 307 million yeara ago) Sedimen- tary rocks mainly shale, sandstone, siltatone, mudstone, lime- stone, and some coal. Continental and marine crigin. Pennsylvanian about 307 to 318 million years agol-Sedimen- |tary rocke mainly aandstone, siltatone, shale, and conglomer- ate, with sceme ne coal and limestone. Deltaie and marine origin. Period of widespread erasian amounts of shale. Rocks of the Devonian System consist of two con- trasting types. Lower and Middle Devonian-age strata are mainly carbonste rocks wheresa Upper Devonian-age rocks consist mostly of elastic rocka. In Champaign and Logan Counties, Devonian rocks Mississippian (sabout 322 to 359 million years ago)-Sedimen- tary rocka sandstone, shale, wiltatone, conglomerate, and mi- accur on a small erosional remnant referred to as the Bellefuntaine Outlier by gealogista. Caincidentally, the highest topographic point in Ohio (Campbell Hill-1,549 feet above sea level) occurs alao in nor limestone. Marine to marginal marine origin. Devonian (about 3e to 385 millicen yeara ago)-Sedimentary rcks: mainly shale and siltstone with aome sandstone. Ma- rine to marginal marine origin. this area. The Carbaniferous Syatem ia divided into two Subaystema, the Missiasippian and Pennaylvanian. Missiasippian atrata are mostly shales and andatones that ocur locally in various proportions. Pennaylvanian strata consist mainly of a diverse array of altermat- ing aandstones, ailtatones, ahales, mudstones, limestones, and un- derelaya; economie coal beda occur alao in porticea of this sequence. The youngest interval of sedimentary rocks in Ohảo, the Dunkard Ciroup, occurs cnly in outheatern Ohio snd consista of strata similar in composition to the underlying Upper Pennaylvanian- age rocks; however, the age of the Dunkard Group has been de- hated since Devonian (about 385 to 407 millicen yeara ago)-Sedimentary rocka: mainly limestone and dalomite with aome ahale, and minor sandatone. Marine and eolian origin. Period of widespread erasian |Silurian (about 416 to 423 million yeara ago)-Sedimentary rucke: dolomite, anhydrite, gypeum, alt, and shale. Marine and restricted marine crigin. e late 1800. Dunkard strata contain a well-atudied late Pennaylvanian-age aasemblage of plant foeila with infrequent carly Permian-age forma. Yet, foil plant apores found in coal bede in the interval anly support a late, but not latest Pennaylvanian age. Thus, until more definitive foesils are found, goologist are un- able to determine the exact age of the Dunkard Group beyond a combined Permian-Pennaylvanisn sge ssignment. In west-central Ohia, the ancient Teaya River ayatem extended acrosa much of Ohio during the late Neogene to carly Quaternary Perioda and sculptured an extensive notwoek of doeply dissected valleys into the bedrock surface. The spatial configuration of many geologie unita on this map elearly reflects the major channel net- works of these former drainage sywtems. Alan, four majar rgional structural gealogy elements affect the spatial distribution of rocks in Ohio: the Appalachian and Michigan hasins, and the Cincinnati Silurian (about 423 to 435 million year agu)-Sedimentary rucke dolamite and shale with sceme limestone. Marine origin. Period of widespread erasian Ordovician (alout 440 to 450 million yeara ago-Sedimentary rocka ahale and limestone. Marine origin. Ordovician (about 400 to 400 million yeara ago-Sedimentary rucks: limestone and shale. Marine origin. Period of widespread erosion Ordovician and Cambrian (about 486 to 510 million yeare sgu)- Sedimentary rocke mainly dolomite, sandstone, shale, with mi- nar limestone. Marine arigin. (Shown in eros ection only) and Findlay arches which occur betwoen the two hasina. Locally. everal high-angle noemal faults displace rocka in the state. The Serpent Mound Impact Structure in southern Ohio ia a circular ares of deformed and heoken rcka that is approximately four and one-half miles in diameter. Recent investigationa indicate the feature is the result of a metearite impact believed to have oc- curred between 256 and 310 million years aga Cross section A-A' traverses Ohio from the northwest to the Period of widespread erasian Neoproterozoie (between 900 million and 1 billion years ago)-Metamarphie rocke gneiss, achist, amphibolite, and marble; and igneoua rocke granite. Form during callision of tectonie plates. (Shown in eros ection only) outheast and intersects the southern portion of the Michigan Ba- sin, the area betwoen the Cincinnati and Findlay arches, and the western Appalachian Basin, respectively. The stratigraphic units shown in this prolile illustrate the brad, arching geometrie distor- tion to the bedrock in Ohio created mainly by periods of tectonie ubaidence within these regional structural hasins. For specifie detaila on the various rock unita, economie commodities, and goo logie hazarda within Ohio, e either the printed or digital versicen of the Bedrock Geologie Map of Ohio (Slucher and others, 2006). Both producta are available for purchase by contacting the ODNR Goologie Records Center by calling 614-265-6576 or emailing geo.surveydnr.state.ch.us. Mesoproterozoie (between 10 and 1.2 billion years agu-Sedi- mentary rocks: Kandstone and siltetone; and igneous rocke ha- walt and rhyulite. Farm during rifting of continental landmass. (Shown in er ection only) Period of widespread eraaion Mesoproterozoie (between 145 and 1.52 billion year agu)-lg- naous roks ganite and rhyulite. Formed during erutal evelu- tion and differentistion. Shown in e ection only)
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