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What is introspection? What does it have to do with structuralism? lod th is2 Hou

What is introspection? What does it have to do with structuralism? lod th is2 Hou

Ciccarelli: Psychology_5 (5th Edition)
Ciccarelli: Psychology_5 (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN:9780134477961
Author:Saundra K. Ciccarelli, J. Noland White
Publisher:Saundra K. Ciccarelli, J. Noland White
Chapter1: The Science Of Psychology
Section: Chapter Questions
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Psychology's Roots: When, where and with whom did Psychology begin? Wilhelm Wundt opened the Institute for Experimental Psychology at the University of Leipzig in Germany 1879. The first laboratory dedicated to psychology, and its opening is usually thought of as the beginning of modern psychology. Describe Wilhelm Wundt's experimental apparatus and experiment. Where was his lab? What was he attempting to study? Why is he often considered the "Father of Psychology"? Wilhelm Wundt created an experimental apparatus that measured the lag between people's hearing a ball on a platform and their pressing of a telegraph key. He combared this lag to the time lag required for more complex tasks. Third floor room at Germany's University of Leipzig. Wundt is often regarded as the father of psychology Wundt was important because he separated psychology from philosophy by analyzing the workings of the mind in a more structured way. 1. 2. What is introspection? What does it have to do with structuralism? Explain Titchner's study called structuralism. Why was it called this? How did they use introspection and why did it fail? Explain William James' perspective called functionalism. What other theory influenced James' theory? 3. 4. 5. 6. Other psychologists you should know follow. Beside the name, list for what each is remembered for. US 0 12
Transcribed Image Text:Psychology's Roots: When, where and with whom did Psychology begin? Wilhelm Wundt opened the Institute for Experimental Psychology at the University of Leipzig in Germany 1879. The first laboratory dedicated to psychology, and its opening is usually thought of as the beginning of modern psychology. Describe Wilhelm Wundt's experimental apparatus and experiment. Where was his lab? What was he attempting to study? Why is he often considered the "Father of Psychology"? Wilhelm Wundt created an experimental apparatus that measured the lag between people's hearing a ball on a platform and their pressing of a telegraph key. He combared this lag to the time lag required for more complex tasks. Third floor room at Germany's University of Leipzig. Wundt is often regarded as the father of psychology Wundt was important because he separated psychology from philosophy by analyzing the workings of the mind in a more structured way. 1. 2. What is introspection? What does it have to do with structuralism? Explain Titchner's study called structuralism. Why was it called this? How did they use introspection and why did it fail? Explain William James' perspective called functionalism. What other theory influenced James' theory? 3. 4. 5. 6. Other psychologists you should know follow. Beside the name, list for what each is remembered for. US 0 12
STRUCTURALISM As physicists and chemists discerned the structure of matter, so Edward Bradford Titchener aimed to discover the mind's structure. He engaged people in self reflective iatrospection (ooking inward), training them to report elements of their experience as they looked at a rose, listened to a metronome, smelled a scent, or tasted a substance. What were their immediate sensations, their images, their feelings? And how did these relate to one another? Alas, introspection proved somewhat unreli- able. It required smart, verbal people, and its results varied from person to person and experience to experience. As introspection waned, so did structuralism. FUNCTIONALISM Hoping to assemble the mind's structure from simple ele- ments was rather like trying to understand a car by examining its disconnected parts. Philosopher-psychologist William James thought it would be more fruitful to consider the evolved functions of our thoughts and feelings. Smelling is what the nose does; thinking is what the brain does. But why do the nose and brain do these things? Under the influence of evolutionary theorist Charles Darwin, James assumed that thinking, like smelling, developed because it was adaptive-it contributed to our ancestors' sur- vival. Consciousness serves a function. It enables us to consider our past, adjust to our structuralism early school of thought promoted by Wundt and Titchener; used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind. functionalism early school of tho ught promoted by James and influenced by Darwin; explored how mental and behavioral processes function-how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish. William James and Mary Whiton Calkins James was a legendary teacher-writer who authored an impor- tant 1890 psychology text. He mentored Calkins, who became a pioneering memory researcher and the first present, and plan our future. James encouraged explorations of the functions of emo- tions, memories, willpower, habits, and moment-to-moment streams of consciousness. James' writings moved the publisher Henry Holt to offer James a contract for a text- book of the new science of psychology. James agreed and began work in 1878, with an apology for requesting two years to finish his writing. The text proved anGnexpectedV woman to be president of the American chore and actually took him 12 years. (Why am I not surprised?) More than a century Later, people still read the resulting Principles of Psychology (1890) and marvel at the brilliance and elegance with which fames intro- duced psychology to the educated public. Psychological Association.
Transcribed Image Text:STRUCTURALISM As physicists and chemists discerned the structure of matter, so Edward Bradford Titchener aimed to discover the mind's structure. He engaged people in self reflective iatrospection (ooking inward), training them to report elements of their experience as they looked at a rose, listened to a metronome, smelled a scent, or tasted a substance. What were their immediate sensations, their images, their feelings? And how did these relate to one another? Alas, introspection proved somewhat unreli- able. It required smart, verbal people, and its results varied from person to person and experience to experience. As introspection waned, so did structuralism. FUNCTIONALISM Hoping to assemble the mind's structure from simple ele- ments was rather like trying to understand a car by examining its disconnected parts. Philosopher-psychologist William James thought it would be more fruitful to consider the evolved functions of our thoughts and feelings. Smelling is what the nose does; thinking is what the brain does. But why do the nose and brain do these things? Under the influence of evolutionary theorist Charles Darwin, James assumed that thinking, like smelling, developed because it was adaptive-it contributed to our ancestors' sur- vival. Consciousness serves a function. It enables us to consider our past, adjust to our structuralism early school of thought promoted by Wundt and Titchener; used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind. functionalism early school of tho ught promoted by James and influenced by Darwin; explored how mental and behavioral processes function-how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish. William James and Mary Whiton Calkins James was a legendary teacher-writer who authored an impor- tant 1890 psychology text. He mentored Calkins, who became a pioneering memory researcher and the first present, and plan our future. James encouraged explorations of the functions of emo- tions, memories, willpower, habits, and moment-to-moment streams of consciousness. James' writings moved the publisher Henry Holt to offer James a contract for a text- book of the new science of psychology. James agreed and began work in 1878, with an apology for requesting two years to finish his writing. The text proved anGnexpectedV woman to be president of the American chore and actually took him 12 years. (Why am I not surprised?) More than a century Later, people still read the resulting Principles of Psychology (1890) and marvel at the brilliance and elegance with which fames intro- duced psychology to the educated public. Psychological Association.
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