What is a test-cross? Why might a geneticist need to do a test-cross and how are the results used to determine the genotype of a specific phenotype? What differences would you expect in inheritance patterns if a trait was sex-linked versus a non-sex-linked trait?
Q: 1. When does crossing over occur during meiosis ? A. Prophase I B. Anaphase I C. Prophase II D. Anap...
A: 1. Crossing over is the exchange of chromosomes between the non-sister chromatids of homologous chro...
Q: Elaborate thoroughly: What insects are expected to have the most sclerotized heads? Explain. Does a...
A: INTRODUCTION Insect morphology is an physical form of insects is used to obtain many type...
Q: he Lionfish from the South Pacific Ocean has become a resident of the Gulf of Mexico. Analyze how hu...
A: The lionfish is a carnivorous predator fish that is native to the Indo-Pacific region but it has now...
Q: In sheep, brown eyes (B) are dominant to blue eyes (b). What would be the genotypes of the following...
A: In diploid individuals, the traits which are controlled by a single gene have two or more alleles. ...
Q: Cooking is a singularly human trait. Whether the food is baked, fried, sautéed, boiled, or grilled, ...
A: Most of the bacteria are present on the raw food, specially on meat, Cooking causes the proteins pre...
Q: In histopathology, why do different stains have different affinities for different organisms or diff...
A: The staining of a particular tissue section is performed for the visualisation of the tissue under m...
Q: What time of mutation is exhibited when a codon AAT is replaced with GGC? a. Insertion b. De...
A: 1) Option C that is Substitution is the correct answer because in substitution, replacement of one o...
Q: 18. To "eat" starch, a microbe must be able to cleave (choose all that apply) A. peptide bonds B. pr...
A: INTRODUCTION Answer of question 18 is given below.
Q: A. Mitosis- Metaphase B. Mitosis - Prophase C. Meiosis-Prophase I D. Mitosis -Telophase E. Meiosis -...
A: Every organism is made of basic units called cells. In process of growth and development, the cells ...
Q: Please answer fast Dilution Problem. A culture of Staphylococcus is diluted as follows: (1) 20mL a...
A: CFUs are a measure of the number of progenitors present in a given population of cells; if an indivi...
Q: Brain weighs around 1.5 kg in humans. Brain development of human ancestors can be correlated with ha...
A: Development of human brain with the time; allows them; to use the resources around them in a way whi...
Q: Flow cytometry analysis was performed on the blood of an individual known to have been recently expo...
A: Rhino virus: it causes common cold, pneumonia in children. Mycobacterium: it causes tuberculosis. I...
Q: Consider the following: Restriction enzymes bind and cut between bases T and A. Based on this, whi...
A: VNTR stands for Variable Number of Tandem Repeats, means the DNA sequence (Satellite DNA) repeats t...
Q: 1. 8-10 sentences state the reason why stool examination important in the s Clinical Parasitology?
A: Introduction :- Parasitology is the branch of biology that studies parasites and parasitic diseases,...
Q: How does the discovery of Epigenetics change our views from Gregor Mendel ?
A: INTRODUCTION In the plant hybridization Gregor Mendel were found out the origin of genetics. I...
Q: lucleolus lucleus eroxisome lasma Membrane lasmodesmata ibosomes ough Endoplasmic eticulum mooth End...
A: Prokaryotes have lack of nucleus and other organells. many prokaryotes small and single cell organis...
Q: Pedigree Analysis Directions: Identify the mode of inheritance as X-linked recessive, X-linked domin...
A: The pedigree analysis helps us identify the mode of transmission of a particular disease in a partic...
Q: WHAT IS THALIDOMIDE AND ITS USES
A: Thalidomide was invented by CIBA, a Swiss pharmaceutical company, in 1953 and introduced by Chemi Gr...
Q: Plasma membrane [ Choose] Lysosome [ Choose] Mitochondria [ Choose ] Rough endoplasmic reticulum [ C...
A: Plasma membrane - outer boundary of cells. Lysosomes - hydrolytic enzymes enclosed in a vehicle. Mit...
Q: 2. The following chart shows the crossover frequencies for some genes on an autosome of organism Y. ...
A: If the genes are located on the same chromosome then they are classified as linked genes and they al...
Q: There are 10 cups ranging from dH2O to 1% sucrose solution. If you drop a potato stick in each cup h...
A: Before moving to the main part of the question, some important terms must be clear osmosis: Net mov...
Q: Artificial photosynthesis history? Who developed it? And when did major advancements about it happen...
A: Artificial photosynthesis is a chemical process not a biochemical process which occur inside the pla...
Q: Use the following choices (not all will be used, but each will be used only once) to fill in the bla...
A: Cell membrane: it is made up of lipid bilayer. It is selectively permeable. It also contains transpo...
Q: How is a knowledge on the origin of the insect alimentary canal assists one in understanding each di...
A:
Q: One OD unit of A260 is 50 ug/ml dsDNA. You have 2.75 ml genomic DNA (stock). You took 5C ul of the D...
A: Given values 1 OD at A260 = 50ug/ml of dsDNA The stock of genomic DNA= 2.75ml 50ul of DNA sample is ...
Q: Draw a possible unrooted tree that is the most parsimonious and use the table to do so. Explain why ...
A: Points to know about cladistics: Evolutionary relationship of organisms is referred yo as phylogeny...
Q: The images shown depict the initiation and elongation steps in protein translation. Arrange the imag...
A: The amount of mRNA which is define with the mechanism that is usually produced by a gene is limited,...
Q: IgM vs IgG
A: Answer:
Q: PARTICIPATION ACTIVITY: For each toxic effect below, use your knowledge of the phases of an action p...
A: We know that neurons are specialized cells with the ability to conduct signals at a rapid pace all a...
Q: Roughly how many amino acids are there in one turn of an alpha helix
A: Solution : Correct option is C
Q: I have assignment for meiosis flip book and I have to draw and label and explain what happens in all...
A: Cell division and reproduction occur in two ways i.e. mitosis and meiosis. A mitosis is an asexual f...
Q: 3. Which statement is not true A. The fold of protein is the overall shape and orientation of the se...
A: The fold of the protein is the overall shape, orientation, and connectivity between the secondary st...
Q: The chemical compound that the body uses to identify something as foreign and a potential invader is...
A: Our body's natural immune system treats something chemical or maybe some virus or bacteria or ot...
Q: Relate the edaphic factors and Climatic factors with the type and abundance of vegetation and other ...
A: Answer : the edaphic factors which relates to the type and abundance of vegetation and other organis...
Q: Activity: Mix and Match Directions: Match the division of the nervous system in Column A to the func...
A: The nervous system in human body is an organ system that coordinates the functioning of all the syst...
Q: . What are the advantages and disadvantages of using the Hanging drop technique?
A: Introduction :- The hanging drop technique can be used to examine living microorganisms. This entail...
Q: What are the advantages and disadvantages of using the Slide Culture technique?
A: Slide culture- Slide-culture is a rapid method of preparing fungal colonies for examination and iden...
Q: 4 F E 10 D 11 13 A- B
A: Answer: A: Ovary B: Egg/Egg Cell/Egg nucleus C: Synergids D: Polar nuclei E: Antipodal cells F: Po...
Q: is being bipedal free of negative effects in humans? Explain
A: Bipedal means animal use their two legs for walking.Bipedalism evolved around 4 million years ago am...
Q: TRUE OR FALSE 1. The antheridium of a moss could be seen as a whole mount at 100x magnification. 2...
A: Question 1 true The size of moss is about 1 to 2cm and the antheridium is about 2mm 100x power ca...
Q: You crossed tall pea plants to another tall pea plants. You collected all the seeds and planted them...
A: Mendel selected pea plants to investigate genetics because they had clearly recognizable characteris...
Q: How are the rate of cellular respiration related to the uptake of glucose?
A: Cellular respiration is the procedure through which organisms integrate oxygen with food molecules, ...
Q: functionalization of a sensor array with DNA oligonucleotide capture probes for ribosomal RNA (rRNA)...
A: (B)The method which is based on sandwich hybridization of a capture and a detector probes with targe...
Q: You are a genetic counselor, and you received the following pedigree to analyze. You must determine ...
A: Generation 3 is.... 1. Dd 2, 3,4,5,6.. is dd Genotype.
Q: Which group on the phylogenetic tree below is sister taxon to the armadillo? shark salamander lizard...
A: A tree like aur comp like taxonomic relationship among the different group of organisms called dendr...
Q: Oxygen gas is a by-product of non-cyclic electron flow. How/why is it produced? Would a photosynthet...
A: Photosynthesis It is the process used by plants to convert light energy from sunlight to chemical en...
Q: Letter D please what is called!
A: The smallest structural and functional unit of an organism is known as cell which contain different ...
Q: Which of the following statements regarding enzyme function is false? U A) An enzyme's function depe...
A: Enzymes are proteins which can act as a catalysts. They can decrease the activation energy needed ...
Q: Choose all incorrect statement. In 2021, 23 species were declared extinct. Most of these have been...
A: Population ecology is a field of biology that studies the ecological interactions and statistical ba...
Q: In 200-300 words, DISCUSS the importance of BIOREMEDIATION
A: Bioremediation works by encouraging the growth of bacteria that feed on pollutants such as oil, solv...
Genetic Variation
Genetic variation refers to the variation in the genome sequences between individual organisms of a species. Individual differences or population differences can both be referred to as genetic variations. It is primarily caused by mutation, but other factors such as genetic drift and sexual reproduction also play a major role.
Quantitative Genetics
Quantitative genetics is the part of genetics that deals with the continuous trait, where the expression of various genes influences the phenotypes. Thus genes are expressed together to produce a trait with continuous variability. This is unlike the classical traits or qualitative traits, where each trait is controlled by the expression of a single or very few genes to produce a discontinuous variation.
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
- 1)What is a test-cross? 2)Why might a geneticist need to do a test-cross and how are the results used todetermine the genotype of a specific phenotype? 3)What differences would you expect in inheritance patterns if a trait was sex-linked versus a non-sex-linked trait?Eye Color is a trait that involves a number of genes. To simplify our example, we can break down the traitinto two phenotypes: dark color and light color eyes. Dark coloration is considered dominant, or isexpressed in a heterozygous condition (when the alleles are different).Q: If you have one light eyed parent and one parent that is homozygous for dark eye color, what are thepotential eye colors of their offspring (young)? To start, what do the Parents’ alleles look like? What istheir Genotype? (Remember, you pick which letter you want to use)Light eye colored parent:Dark eye colored parent:One of the things Mendel designed was a way to provide information about how the genes are passed onfrom parent to offspring. He designed something called a Punnett Square. This square places the parents’alleles outside the box, then uses those alleles to fill in the squares.Let’s start with a reminder of what we know about the parents: Parent Phenotype(appearance) Genotype(alleles) 1 2A cross between two pea plants, both of which grewfrom yellow round seeds, gave the following numbersof seeds: 156 yellow round and 54 yellow wrinkled.What are the genotypes of the parent plants? (Yellowand round are dominant traits.)
- For Mendelian inheritance, the nuclear genotype (i.e., the allelesfound on chromosomes in the cell nucleus) directly influences anoffspring’s traits. In contrast, for non-Mendelian inheritance patterns, the offspring’s phenotype cannot be reliably predicted solelyfrom its genotype. For the following traits, what do you need toknow to predict the phenotypic outcome?A. Dwarfism due to a mutant Igf2 alleleB. Snail coiling directionC. Leber hereditary optic neuropathyWhat is a reciprocal cross? Suppose that a gene is found as a wildtype (functional) allele and a recessive mutant (nonfunctional)allele. What would be the expected outcomes of reciprocal crossesif a true-breeding normal individual was crossed to a true-breedingindividual carrying the mutant allele? What would be the results ifthe gene is maternally inherited?What is the difference between and Genotypic Trait and a Phenotypic Trait. What do each of them represent?
- Let’s suppose a gene exists as a functional wild-type allele and anonfunctional mutant allele. At the organism level (i.e., at the levelof visible traits), the wild-type allele is dominant. In a heterozygote,discuss whether dominance occurs at the cellular or molecularlevel. Discuss examples in which the issue of dominance dependson the level of examination.How to find the number ofpair of alleles involved inpolygenic inheritance usingthe number of phenotypicalforms of the trait theycondition?Describe how a biparental pattern of extranuclear inheritance couldresemble a Mendelian pattern of inheritance for a particular gene.How would they differ?
- Pedigree analysis is a fundamental tool for investigating whether or not a trait is following a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. It can also be used to help identify individuals within a family who may be at risk for the trait. Adam and Sarah, a young couple of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, went to a genetic counselor because they were planning a family and wanted to know what their chances were for having a child with a genetic condition. The genetic counselor took a detailed family history from both of them and discovered several traits in their respective families. Sarahs maternal family history is suggestive of an autosomal dominant pattern of cancer predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer because of the young ages at which her mother and grandmother were diagnosed with their cancers. If a mutant allele that predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer was inherited in Sarahs family, she, her sister, and any of her own future children could be at risk for inheriting this mutation. The counselor told her that genetic testing is available that may help determine if this mutant allele is present in her family members. Adams paternal family history has a very strong pattern of early onset heart disease. An autosomal dominant condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the large number of deaths from heart disease. As with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, genetic testing is available to see if Adam carries the mutant allele. Testing will give the couple more information about the chances that their children could inherit this mutation. Adam had a first cousin who died from Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a fatal autosomal recessive condition most commonly found in people of Eastern European Jewish descent. Because TSD is a recessively inherited disorder, both of his cousins parents must have been heterozygous carriers of the mutant allele. If that is the case, Adams father could be a carrier as well. If Adams father carries the mutant TSD allele, it is possible that Adam inherited this mutation. Because Sarah is also of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, she could also be a carrier of the gene, even though no one in her family has been affected with TSD. If Adam and Sarah are both carriers, each of their children would have a 25% chance of being afflicted with TSD. A simple blood test performed on both Sarah and Adam could determine whether they are carriers of this mutation. Would you decide to have a child if the test results said that you carry the mutation for breast and ovarian cancer? The heart disease mutation? The TSD mutation? The heart disease and the mutant alleles?Pedigree analysis is a fundamental tool for investigating whether or not a trait is following a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. It can also be used to help identify individuals within a family who may be at risk for the trait. Adam and Sarah, a young couple of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, went to a genetic counselor because they were planning a family and wanted to know what their chances were for having a child with a genetic condition. The genetic counselor took a detailed family history from both of them and discovered several traits in their respective families. Sarahs maternal family history is suggestive of an autosomal dominant pattern of cancer predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer because of the young ages at which her mother and grandmother were diagnosed with their cancers. If a mutant allele that predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer was inherited in Sarahs family, she, her sister, and any of her own future children could be at risk for inheriting this mutation. The counselor told her that genetic testing is available that may help determine if this mutant allele is present in her family members. Adams paternal family history has a very strong pattern of early onset heart disease. An autosomal dominant condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the large number of deaths from heart disease. As with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, genetic testing is available to see if Adam carries the mutant allele. Testing will give the couple more information about the chances that their children could inherit this mutation. Adam had a first cousin who died from Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a fatal autosomal recessive condition most commonly found in people of Eastern European Jewish descent. Because TSD is a recessively inherited disorder, both of his cousins parents must have been heterozygous carriers of the mutant allele. If that is the case, Adams father could be a carrier as well. If Adams father carries the mutant TSD allele, it is possible that Adam inherited this mutation. Because Sarah is also of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, she could also be a carrier of the gene, even though no one in her family has been affected with TSD. If Adam and Sarah are both carriers, each of their children would have a 25% chance of being afflicted with TSD. A simple blood test performed on both Sarah and Adam could determine whether they are carriers of this mutation. Would you want to know the results of the cancer, heart disease, and TSD tests if you were Sarah and Adam? Is it their responsibility as potential parents to gather this type of information before they decide to have a child?Pedigree analysis is a fundamental tool for investigating whether or not a trait is following a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. It can also be used to help identify individuals within a family who may be at risk for the trait. Adam and Sarah, a young couple of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, went to a genetic counselor because they were planning a family and wanted to know what their chances were for having a child with a genetic condition. The genetic counselor took a detailed family history from both of them and discovered several traits in their respective families. Sarahs maternal family history is suggestive of an autosomal dominant pattern of cancer predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer because of the young ages at which her mother and grandmother were diagnosed with their cancers. If a mutant allele that predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer was inherited in Sarahs family, she, her sister, and any of her own future children could be at risk for inheriting this mutation. The counselor told her that genetic testing is available that may help determine if this mutant allele is present in her family members. Adams paternal family history has a very strong pattern of early onset heart disease. An autosomal dominant condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the large number of deaths from heart disease. As with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, genetic testing is available to see if Adam carries the mutant allele. Testing will give the couple more information about the chances that their children could inherit this mutation. Adam had a first cousin who died from Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a fatal autosomal recessive condition most commonly found in people of Eastern European Jewish descent. Because TSD is a recessively inherited disorder, both of his cousins parents must have been heterozygous carriers of the mutant allele. If that is the case, Adams father could be a carrier as well. If Adams father carries the mutant TSD allele, it is possible that Adam inherited this mutation. Because Sarah is also of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, she could also be a carrier of the gene, even though no one in her family has been affected with TSD. If Adam and Sarah are both carriers, each of their children would have a 25% chance of being afflicted with TSD. A simple blood test performed on both Sarah and Adam could determine whether they are carriers of this mutation. If Sarah carries the mutant cancer allele and Adam carries the mutant heart disease allele, what is the chance that they would have a child who is free of both diseases? Are these good odds?