What happens during the regeneration stage of the Calvin Cycle? Energy from ATP and electrons from NADPH are used to reduc 3-phosphoglycerate to form G3P molecules (which can be used to form other organic molecules such as glucose) The remaining G3P molecules that have not exited the cycle are used to re-form RuBP through a series of chemical reactions, so that the Calvin cycle can continue Oxygen is produced through this process The enzyme Rubisco attaches to CO2 to RuBP, causing the formation of molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate

What happens during the regeneration stage of the Calvin Cycle? Energy from ATP and electrons from NADPH are used to reduc 3-phosphoglycerate to form G3P molecules (which can be used to form other organic molecules such as glucose) The remaining G3P molecules that have not exited the cycle are used to re-form RuBP through a series of chemical reactions, so that the Calvin cycle can continue Oxygen is produced through this process The enzyme Rubisco attaches to CO2 to RuBP, causing the formation of molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate

BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS+APPL.(LOOSELEAF)

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305967359

Author:STARR

Publisher:STARR

Chapter6: Where It Starts-photosynthesis

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 12SA: Which of the following substances does not participate in the Calvin-Benson cycle? a. ATP c. NADPH...

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The Relative Efficiency of ATP Synthesis in Noncyclic versus Cyclic Photophosphorylation If noncyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 7 H+/2e- and cyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 2 H+/e-, what is the relative photosynthetic efficiency of ATP synthesis (expressed as the number of photons absorbed per ATP synthesized) for noncyclic versus cyclic photophosphorylation? (Assume that the CF1CF0-ATP synthase yields 3 ATP/14 H+.)
The Overall Free Energy Change for Photosynthetic NADP+ Reduction What is the overall free energy change (G) for noncyclic photosynthetic electron transport? 4 (700-nm photons) + 4 (680-nm photons) + 2 H2O + 2 NADP+O2 + 2 NADPH + 2H+
What is the molecule that leaves the Calvin cycle to be converted into glucose? a. ADP b. G3P c. RuBP d. 3-PGA
Which part of the Calvin cycle would be affected if a cell could not produce the enzyme RuBIsCO?
Which of the following pathways requires molecular oxygen (O2)? a. aerobic respiration b. lactate formation c. alcoholic fermentation d. photosynthesis
Match each term with its most suitable description. ____ PGAL formation a. absorbs light ____CO2 fixation b. converts light to chemical energy ____ autotroph c. self-feeder ____ ATP forms NADPH does not d. electrons cycle back to photosystem ____ photorespiration e. problem in C3 plants ____ photosynthesis f. Calvin-Benson cycle product ____ pigment g. water molecules split ____ photolysis in photosynthesis h. rubisco function
Melvin Calvin and Andrew Benson determined the steps in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis by exposing the green alga Chlorella to CO2 labeled with the radioisotope carbon 14. By looking at which compounds the C14 ended up in, they were able to identify all intermediates in this cyclic pathway. Why did they predict correctly that the same set of intermediates would be formed in the light reaction in land plants?
The Calvin cycle begins when CO2 reacts with (a) phosphoenolpyruvate (b) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (c) ribulose bisphosphate (d) oxaloacetate (e) phosphoglycerate
Photosynthesis directly opposes respiration in determining how plants influence atmospheric CO2 concentrations. When a leaf is in the light, both photosynthesis and respiration are occurring simultaneously. The data in the Table were collected from the leaf of a sagebrush plant that was enclosed in a chamber that measures the rate of CO2 exchange. The same leaf was used to collect the data in Interpret the Data in Chapter 7. Respiration is shown as a negative and photosynthesis as a positive rate of CO2 exchange. The net photosynthesis rate is the amount of CO2 (in micromoles per square meter per second) assimilated by the leaf while respiration is occurring; a positive value indicates more photosynthesis is occurring than respiration. The light exposed to the leaf is quantified as the number of photons in the 400 to 700 nm wavelength, the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD); 2,000 mol/m2/s is equivalent to the amount of light occurring at midday in full Sun. Observation Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD) (mol/m2/s) Net Photosynthesis (mol/m2/s) 1 2,000 9.1 2 1,500 8.4 3 1,250 8.2 4 1,000 7.4 5 750 6.3 6 500 4.8 7 250 2.2 8 0 -2.0 Why is net photosynthesis negative when PPFD is zero? Looking at the respiration data from Interpret the Data in Chapter 7, at what temperature do you think these data were collected? Source: Data based on unpublished research by Brent Ewers, University of Wyoming.
Describe the flow of electrons through photosystems I and II in the noncyclic electron transport pathway and the products produced. Contrast this flow with cyclic electron transport.
Which of the following is a correct step in the light-dependent reactions of the Z system? a. Light is absorbed at P700, and electrons flow through a pathway to NADP+, the final acceptor of the linear pathway. b. Electrons flow from photosystem II to water. c. NADP+ is oxidized to NADPH as it accepts electrons. d. Water is degraded to activate P680. e. Electrons pass through a thylakoid membrane to create energy to pump H+ through the cytochrome complex.
Match the term with the best description. _____ mitochondrial matrix a. needed for glycolysis _____ pyruvate b. inner space _____ NAD+ c. makes many ATP _____ mitochondrion d. product of glycolysis _____ NADH e. reduced coenzyme _____ anaerobic f. no oxygen required