What function does a third body serve in an atmospheric chemical reaction?   (b) What two chemical species are most generally responsible for the removal of hydroxyl            radical from the unpolluted troposphere.​ (c) What is the settling velocity of a particle having a Stokes diameter of 10 μm and a density of      1 g/cm3 in the air at 1.00 atm pressure and 0°C temperature? (The viscosity of air at 0°C is      170.8 micropoise. The density of air under these conditions is 1.29 g/L.).      [1 micropoise (µP) = 1×10-7 Pa.s; g/L = kg/m3]​  (d) Why is it that “highest levels of carbon monoxide tend to occur in congested urban areas at       times when the maximum number of people are exposed?”

Q: Describe and explain (i) how the thermal stabilities of the Group 17 hydrides vary down the Group,…

A: Thermal stability of the hydrides are decided on the basis of their bond strength.  While volatility…

Q: Long-term space missions require reclamation of the oxygen in the carbon dioxide exhaled by the…

A:

Q: At present, a typical temperature at the very top of the troposphere is −53.2°C. (a) Convert this…

A: The given data is, Temperature = -53.2°C

Q: Consider a box containing 1 atmosphere of He at room temperature. Is the collision frequency of…

A: 1) yes ,collision frequency of these atoms dependent on temperature because as temperature increases…

Q: If a fuel contains 86% C, 9% H2, 1% S and 4% ash (silica) by mass, determine: (b) (i) the total…

A: SOLUTION : CARBON Mass ratio C + O2 = CO2 12 + 32 = 44 Hence 0.86kg of C need (32/12)x0.86=2.293kg…

Q: If 14.5g of calcium carbonate decomposes via the following reaction, how many liters of carbon…

A: Number of moles of Calcium carbonate can be calculated as follows: No. of moles of CaCO3= massmolar…

Q: Long-term space missions require reclamation of the oxygen in the carbon dioxide exhaled by the…

A: Given that : The mass of carbon dioxide exhaled by one astronaut = 1.25 kg per day The volume of…

Q: The best laboratory vacuum pump can generate a vacuum of about 1 x 10⁹ Torr. At 25° C and assuming…

A:

Q: At a height of 15 kilometers, the temperature is 217K and the pressure is 12.1 kPa. What is the mean…

A:

Q: Atmospheric composition Use the following data from the U.S. Standard Atmosphere Model to calculate…

A:

Q: Calculate the mean speed of atoms of argon in a gas at 25oC if the mean speed of neon under these…

A:

Q: s) of the Sun's energy, 25% is reflected from the atmosphere, 23% is absorbed by the aimosphere, and…

A: We have to determine the % of energy absorbed by the earth.

Q: Determine the density of argon gas at room temperature (25oC) and 100 kPa.

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Q: Halons are fluorocarbons that contain bromine, such as CBrF3. They are used extensively as foaming…

A: Halons are CBrF3 - C-Br bond strength is 276 kJ/mol which is less than C-Cl bond strength 328…

Q: Freon-12 (CF₂Cl₂), widely used as a refrigerant and aerosolpropellant, is a dangerous air pollutant.…

A: Pressure = 1.20 atm Temperature = 27◦ C. or 273.15 + 27 = 300.15 K. Volume = 16 dm3 or 16 L.

Q: Dinitrogen monoxide (N₂O; nitrous oxide) is a greenhousegas that enters the atmosphere principally…

A: Isotopes possess same number of protons but differ in number of neutrons thus, they have different…

Q: Determine the average speed, mean free path and collision frequency for molecular oxygen with 4.0…

A:

Q: A containing 138 cm ^ 3 of hydrogen was collected under a pressure of 25.6 kPa What pressure would…

A:

Q: The figure shows the three lowest regions of Earth’s atmosphere.(a) Name each and indicate the…

A: a.

Q: A 1.25 gram sample of solid calcium carbide (CaC2) reacts with water to produce acetylene gas (C2H2)…

A:

Q: Given T = 223 K,  Assume a 1 m3 air mass at z = 10 km contains 365 µg SO2 and 11.8 moles of air what…

A: Concentration of SO2 in ppm is given below.

Q: A gas mixture containing 3 moles of ethylene and 2 moles of oxygen is undergoing the following…

A: Among the products formed only ethylene oxide [(CH2)2O] and carbon dioxide [CO2] are gaseous.…

Q: At what pressure will the mean free path in room-temperature (20∘C)(20∘C) nitrogen be 1.3 mm ?

A: Mean Free Path is the average distance traveled by a moving molecule between collisions. N2 is a…

Q: Ozone depletion at mid-latitudes may be caused by the denitrification of cold sulphuric acid…

A: Denitrification may be defined as the permanent removal of NOy from an airmass by the gravitational…

Q: It’s a bad day in the lab!  Two students are doing experiments.  Each is 20 feet away from the…

A:

Q: Molecules of oxygen of the following isotopic composition are separated in an oxygen enrichment…

A: The average translational kinetic energy is given by,     K=mv¯22 m is the mass of the atom v¯ is…

Q: 2. (a) A mixture of Litt (Os and sand weighing 9.20g is heated. After cooling, the residue composed…

A:

Q: Calculate the number of methane molecules at 25 ºC and one torr that strike a 1.0 cm^2 surface in…

A: Given Data:Temperature = 25 ºC pressure = 1 torrSurface area = 1.0 cm2 each methane molecule covers…

Q: A breathing mixture used by deep-sea divers contains helium, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. What is the…

A: Dalton's law: Dalton's law of partial pressures states that in a mixture of non-reacting gases, the…

Q: It is located 30 km above the Earth's surface (roughly in the middle of the stratosphere), the…

A: “Since you have posted a question with multiple sub-parts, we will solve first three subparts for…

Q: A moderately large tree gives off about 1.14 x 103 cm3 of H2O daily to the atmosphere by…

A:

Q: Long-term space missions require reclamation of the oxygen in the carbon dioxide exhaled by the…

A: The required mole ratio for the formation of CH4 from CO2 is: 1 mol CH41 mol CO2 or 11

Q: Substance Te (K) P. (bar) 103 V. (L) Ammonia 405,40 113.53 72.47 Part A Calculate the Redlich-Kwong…

A: Answer: Given data: Tc=405.40KPc=113.53barR=8.314×10-2dm3.bar.K-1.mol-1

Q: Molecular oxygen, O2, has a collision diameter of 3.57 x 10-10 m. Calculate the mean free path, 2,…

A:

Q: Calculate the mean speed and the root mean square speed for the following set of molecules: 10…

A: The mean speed is defined as the arithmetic mean of different velocities possessed by molecules…

Q: The residence time of a water molecule in a reservoir of the hydrologic cycle depends most heavily…

A: Hydrologic cycle describes movement of water through different regions of Earth and atmosphere in a…

Q: Maxwell distribution of speeds

A: a gas of many molecules has a predictable distribution of molecular speeds, known as the…

Q: The conditions associated with SATP are T=25ᵒC and P = 101.3 kPa. Is it true or false

A: SATP stand for Standard Ambient Temperature and pressure .

Q: A power (a) Calcu stack. (b 150% C a. the flue g

A: Given, A power plant burns 200 US short tons per day of coal, with sulpur content = 3%

Q: The molecular speed of gas is related to the speed of sound, as sound vibrations cannot travel…

A:

Q: The mass of the Earth's troposphere, the lower part of the atmosphere, is approximately 4.4*1018 kg.…

A:

Q: Soil vapor extraction (SVE) is used to remove volatile or-ganic pollutants, such as chlorinated…

A: Soil vapor extraction(SVE) is also known as a vacuum extraction technique. This technique works by…

Q: Calculate the number of collisions per m3 and the mean free path for air molecules 1.2 g/L. (a) at…

A: FORMULA FOR CALCULATING COLLISION NUMBER Z=2πd2<c>ρd=collision diameter<c>=average…

Q: A breathing mixture used by deep-sea divers contains helium, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. What is the…

A: Partial pressure of oxygen is calculated below.

Kinetic-Theory of Gases

Kinetic theory of gases is the model or method which was developed in the 19th century by Maxwell and Boltzmann. This is possible as the interatomic force which is of short-range forces that are important for solids and liquids can be neglected for gases. This theory or gas law gives a molecular interpretation of the pressure and temperature of a gas and is consistent with gas laws and Avogadro’s hypothesis. This theory is very helpful to correctly explain the specific heat capacities of many gases, kinetic energy and it also explains the transport qualities such as viscosity, thermal conductivity, and diffusion with molecular parameters. As stated in the kinetic-molecular theory, the temperature of a substance or gas particle is related to the average kinetic energy of the particles of that substance. When a substance is heated, some of the absorbed energy is stored within the particles, while some of the energy increases the motion of the particles, called average kinetic energy.