What does it mean to tunnel in opposite directions at the same time? In addition to the HLR-VLR pair, why do we need the HA-FA pair?

Systems Architecture
7th Edition
ISBN:9781305080195
Author:Stephen D. Burd
Publisher:Stephen D. Burd
Chapter8: Data And Network Communication Technology
Section: Chapter Questions
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What does it mean to tunnel in opposite directions at the same time? In addition to the HLR-VLR pair, why do we need the HA-FA pair?
 

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