What does bidirectional tunneling entail, exactly? Besides the HLR-VLR pair, why is HA-FA also required?
Q: What is the role of "Inverse ARP" in Frame Relay networks?
A: Inverse ARP means Address Resolution Protocol in Frame Relay networks is responsible for dynamically…
Q: What precisely does it mean to tunnel in both directions simultaneously? Why is the HA-FA pair…
A: When two endpoints create a virtual link or tunnel across an existing network, this is known as…
Q: For composite signals, if the high frequency content of the signal is removed, what happens to the…
A: Here is the solution
Q: A distant planet is about 9 x 1010 metres from the surface of the Earth. What is the channel…
A: Distance =9 x 1010 Band Width=64 MB Frame Size= 32 KB Velocity=3 X 108 m/sec
Q: To what extent do you agree with the statement that "overlapping among subcarriers does not induce…
A: Answer: I agree with the statement that overlapping among subcarriers does not induce Inter Symbol…
Q: Describe the ARP process that will take place when a frame is sent
A: ARP (Address Resolution Protocol ) is a network protocol used to distinguish a device's hardware…
Q: Specifically, which OSI protocol levels does the HART digital transfer use?
A: The HART standard adheres to the seven-layer OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) standard, although…
Q: n FDM from a TDM. A one-page summary of your findings would be much appreciated.
A: Introduction: TDM stands for Time Division Multiplexing and is a multiplexing technology. TDM can…
Q: With neat diagrams, explain the frame structure and multiplexing technique which addresses the…
A: The SDH frame structure is based on synchronous byte- wise multiplexing of several building blocks.…
Q: Draw the graph of the NRZ-L, NRZ-I, Manchester scheme, differential Manchesterscheme using each of…
A: Manchester: It is the synchronous clock method used in OSI layers(open System Interconnection)…
Q: Consider TDM-based circuit switching with 8000 frames per second and 32 time slots per frame. During…
A: Given, TDM-based circuit switching with 8000 frames per second 32 time slots per frame During each…
Q: Suppose you are designing a sliding window protocol for a 2Mbps point to point link to the moon,…
A: According to the information given:- We ahve to find minimum number of bits you need for the…
Q: What does it mean to tunnel in opposite directions at the same time? In addition to the HLR-VLR…
A: Networking is like the process of connecting two or more computers or devices in order to share data…
Q: A voice channel occupies a bandwidth of 28 kHz 10 voice channels are to be multiplexed together…
A: FDM is a technique used in telecommunications and signal processing to combine multiple signals into…
Q: Give an example of a synchronous connection as well as an example of an isochronous connection, and…
A: Asynchronous connections occur when the sender and receiver utilize different clocks.The clock is a…
Q: A Go-Back-N (GBN) ARQ scheme has been designed with window-size W = 10 such that it is fully…
A: Given that, In Go-Back-N ARQ scheme, Window size w= 10 Frame size= 20,000 bits There are no errors…
Q: What does it mean to tunnel in both directions simultaneously? Is the HA-FA pair necessary given the…
A: Tunnelling in both directions simultaneously refers to the establishment of a bidirectional…
Q: To what extent do you agree with the statement that "overlapping among subcarriers does not induce…
A: Introduction OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) is a multiple access technology…
Q: What precisely does it take for there to be tunnelling in both directions? Why is it necessary to…
A: Tunnelling is a process in which a mobile device communicates with a network through an intermediate…
Q: What exactly is bidirectional tunneling? Why is it necessary to have HA–FA in addition to the…
A: INTRODUCTION: BIDIRECTIONAL TUNNELING: A bidirectional traffic system in transportation…
Q: Please provide an illustration of a synchronous connection and an isochronous connection, and…
A: Synchronous connection is a form of communication in which data is sent continuously and in unison.…
Q: Why is cloud computing so popular with phyton? Can you explain the benefits of phyton and why it is…
A: Python for cloud computingPython drives complicated cloud apps. Python is popular because it helps…
Q: Consider TDM-based circuit switching with 8000 frames per second and 32 time slots per frame. During…
A: Circuit Switching:- In circuit-switched networks, the resources needed along a path(buffers, link…
Q: 40 devices share a clean ALOHA channel. The drawer is 2μs in size. Because they want the devices to…
A: Here given is the number of channels as 40. So our N will be 40. Drawer is 2 micro seconds. So our…
Q: 800 b frames are sent over a 500 kbps communication channel. The communication channel uses GBN…
A: Given : 800 b frames bandwidth=500 kbps GBN protocol with 3 bit seq number propagation…
Q: Consider a full-duplex 256 Kbps satellite link with a 240 millisecond end-to-end delay. The data…
A: Given: Consider a full-duplex 256 Kbps satellite link with a 240-millisecond end-to-end delay. The…
Q: An analogue sensor has a bandwidth which extends from very low frequencies up to a maximum of 14.5…
A: Sampling Theorem: The Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem is a theorem in the field of signal…
Q: Describe the ARP operation that takes place when a frame is transmitted.
A: Introduction ARP (Address Resolution Protocol ) is a network protocol used to distinguish a…
Q: The differences between FDM and TDM need to be explained to the reader.. Please send us a one-page…
A: Digital Multiplexing: Multiplexing is the process of combining several signals via a single media…
Q: Draw the graph of the NRZ-L scheme using each of the following data streams, assuming that the last…
A: Note:- As per company policy, only first three parts are answered.
Q: Why does the transparency of 5nm-thick Ag and 100nm-thick Ag differ?
A: - We need to highlight the difference in 5nm-thick Ag and 100nm-thick Ag.
Q: What precisely does it take for there to be tunneling in both directions? Why is it necessary to…
A: Tunnelling is a process in which a mobile device communicates with a network through an intermediate…
What does bidirectional tunneling entail, exactly? Besides the HLR-VLR pair, why is HA-FA also required?
![](/static/compass_v2/shared-icons/check-mark.png)
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
![Blurred answer](/static/compass_v2/solution-images/blurred-answer.jpg)
- What does it mean to tunnel in both directions simultaneously? Is the HA-FA pair necessary given the presence of the HLR-VLR pair?What is tunnelling in both directions? Why are the HA-FA and HLR-VLR pairs needed?What precisely does it mean to tunnel in both directions simultaneously? Why is the HA-FA pair necessary in addition to the HLR-VLR pair?
- Consider TDM-based circuit switching with 8000 frames per second and 32 time slots per frame. During each time slot 8 bits are sent. What is the shortest time possible (in seconds) to transmit a 1 Mbyte file over the given link?What exactly is bidirectional tunneling? Why is it necessary to have HA–FA in addition to the HLR–VLR pair?800 b frames are sent over a 500 kbps communication channel. The communication channel usesGBN protocol with 3 bit sequence numbers. The propagation delay is 20 ms. Confirmationsare of size 500 b. Headers and control information are negligible in size.What is the maximum efficiency of this channel?
- What does it mean to tunnel in opposite directions at the same time? In addition to the HLR-VLR pair, why do we need the HA-FA pair?An analogue sensor has a bandwidth which extends from very low frequencies up to a maximum of 14.5 kHz. Using the Sampling Theorem (Section 3.3.1), what is the minimum sampling rate (number of samples per second) required to convert the sensor signal into a digital representation? If each sample is now quantised into 2048 levels, what will be the resulting transmitted bitrate in kbps? Give your answer in scientific notation to 1 decimal place. Hint: you firstly need to determine the number of bits per sample that produces 2048 quantisation levels (see Sections 2.4 (Block 1) and 3.3.2 (Block 3)).For composite signals, if the high frequency content of the signal is removed, what happens to the signal in the time domain? On the other hand, if the low frequency content of the signal isremoved, what happens to the signal in the time domain?
- What is the role of "Inverse ARP" in Frame Relay networks?Draw the graph of the NRZ-L, NRZ-I, Manchester scheme, differential Manchesterscheme using each of the following data streams,assuming that the last signa11evel has been positive. From the graphs, guess thebandwidth for this scheme using the average number of changes in the signal level.a. 00000000b. 11111111c. 01010101d. 001100115.Computer Science A Go-Back-N (GBN) ARQ scheme has been designed with window-size W = 10 such that it is fully efficient when there are no errors on the channel. Assume that frame size is 20000 bits and the overhead bits are negligible. What is the bit probability error (as seen at Layer 2) that makes the Go-Back-N ARQ 50% efficient?
![Systems Architecture](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305080195/9781305080195_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Systems Architecture](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305080195/9781305080195_smallCoverImage.gif)