What do these antibodies do: IgM, IgA, IgE, IgG, and IgD
What do these antibodies do: IgM, IgA, IgE, IgG, and IgD?
Antibodies also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are proteins produced by the immune system in response to the presence of foreign substances in the body, such as bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens. Each type of antibody has specific functions and plays a unique role in the immune response.
These five classes of antibodies work in concert to provide a diverse and effective immune response, offering protection against a wide range of pathogens and helping the immune system distinguish between self and non-self substances.
Here's what these five main classes of antibodies do:
IgM (Immunoglobulin M):
- IgM is one of the first antibodies produced during an initial infection or immune response.
- It is typically found in the bloodstream and lymph fluid.
- IgM forms pentamers (five-unit structures) that allow it to efficiently trap and neutralize pathogens.
- It is particularly effective at agglutinating (clumping together) pathogens, aiding in their clearance from the body.
IgA (Immunoglobulin A):
- IgA is primarily found in mucous membranes, such as those in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, as well as in saliva, tears, and breast milk.
- It plays a crucial role in mucosal immunity by preventing the attachment of pathogens to mucous membranes.
- IgA in breast milk provides passive immunity to infants, helping protect them from infections.
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