Answered: What are the differences between the 4…

6th Edition

ISBN:9781451194524

Author:Ruth McCall, Cathee M. Tankersley MT(ASCP)

Publisher:Ruth McCall, Cathee M. Tankersley MT(ASCP)

Chapter1: Phlebotomy: Past And Present And The Healthcare Setting

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1SRQ

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Question

What are the differences between the 4 types of hypersensitivity?

Expert Solution

Step 1: Introduction:

Definition:

Hypersensitivity reactions are exaggerated or excessive immune responses to foreign antigens or substances that the immune system mistakenly sees as harmful. This overreaction of the immune system can cause tissue damage and disease in the body.

Types:

Hypersensitivity, also known as hypersensitivity reaction or intolerance, is an abnormal physiological condition where the immune system mounts an undesirable or inappropriate immune response to an antigen or substance that would not normally cause an issue.

Causes:

An underlying issue or abnormality in the immune system is what causes hypersensitivity, leading to immune mediated diseases like allergies and autoimmune disorders.
The immune system incorrectly identifies many types of particles and substances from external environmental sources or internal body sources as antigens or threats. This triggers the exaggerated immune response.

Symptoms:

The inappropriate immune reactions are often referred to as an overreaction by the immune system. Common symptoms include damage or irritation to tissues and organs as well as discomfort.

Pathophysiology:

When the immune system mistakenly identifies a non-harmful substance as an antigen, it produces an inflammatory response involving antibodies, mast cells, basophils, and other immune cells. This leads to the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators causing symptoms.