Q: Describe the structure of a sarcomere. What is its function?
A: Muscles are a group of tissues that contract together to produce a force. It consists of fibers of…
Q: A typical relaxed sarcomere is about 2.3 um in length and contracts to about 2 um in length. Within…
A: a) To find: The overlap of thick and thin filaments in the relaxed and contracted sarcomere
Q: The Sarcomere 2 Thin filaments are often named for which protein? a. actin b. myosin c. troponin d.…
A: The sarcomere is the smallest functional unit of a skeletal muscle fiber. It is a highly organized…
Q: Actin is sometimes called the "thick" filament. It splits ATP and is responsible for the "power…
A: The movements of different body parts are attributed to the systemic contraction and relaxation of…
Q: 3) Paula is a scientist who is developing a drug called Fremtol that will be used to treat muscle…
A: ATP works as a cell energy currency and it helps the cell to rapidly accumulate energy and transfer…
Q: What are the three functional types of proteins found in a myofibril?
A: A muscle fiber is made of many Myofibril and myofibrils are made of many myofilaments. Myofibrils…
Q: What are the mechanisms for muscle contraction vs. relaxation in regards to myosin/thick…
A: The mechanism of contraction of skeleton muscle was based explain through "sliding filament theory"…
Q: 31) which of the following are included in a triad found in skeletal muscle? a) actin, myosin and…
A: Skeletal muscle is one of the three types of muscles found in the muscular system. The other two…
Q: What two types of microfilament make up the muscle sarcomere? Which motor protein is primarily…
A: Filaments are long, thin and flexible structures that can be found in various biological systems.…
Q: As mentioned in class, one additional major use of ATP in skeletal muscle (besides powering the…
A: Assumptions:The volume of a single sarcomere is roughly cylindrical.The average diameter of a…
Q: Which of the following is the smallest: muscle fiber, thick filament, or myofibril? Which is…
A: Myofibrils are made up of small structures known as Myofilaments. There are basically two main kinds…
Q: Muscle contraction involves a protein conformational change called the power stroke. Where…
A: Each myosin motor protein possesses ATPase activity and functions in a cyclical manner that couples…
Q: Please describe when the myosin heads grab and pull on the active sites in the actin fibers
A: Muscle cells are specific for contraction. It allows for motions and facilitates bodily processes…
Q: How are motor neurons involved in muscle contractions? Select all that apply. The release of calcium…
A: It is a neuron whose cell body is located in the motor cortex, brainstem or the spinal cord and…
Q: Myosin II action differs from that of kinesin in that one of the kinesin heads is always in contact…
A: Introduction Motor motion, including as contractions and expansions, is controlled by myosin. Muscle…
Q: During an experiment, the protein troponin from a skeletal muscle fiber was removed. This resulted…
A: The muscle contraction involves interaction between actin (thin filament) and myosin (thick…
Q: Skeletal muscle is described as striated. What are the lighter, thinner stripes noted under the…
A: The lighter, thinner stripes noted under the microscope are actin. Under a microscope, the thick and…
Q: Choose the best description of how myosin and actin are arranged within the two types of protein…
A: In order to facilitate movement, muscles are attached to bones. They function by shortening…
Q: With regard to muscle contraction, which of the following is an INCORRECT statement with regard to…
A: The muscle cells contain a striped pattern or striations which is formed by a series of basic units…
Q: A typical relaxed sarcomere is about 2.3 µm in length and contracts to about 2 µm in length. Within…
A: In muscle fibers, sarcomeres are the basic contractile units. There are two main protein filaments…
Q: There are at least 20 different types of myosin. What properties do all types share, and what makes…
A: Introduction Myosins are a group of motor proteins that play a key role in muscle contraction and a…
Q: What is the monomoric form of actin referred to as? a. F-actin b. G-actin c. M-actin…
A: Actin exists in two forms. They are G-actin (or globular actin) and F-actin (or fibrous actin).…
Q: What do the calcium ions that are released into the cytoplasm during contraction bind to?…
A: At the point when the muscle is stimulated during contraction, calcium particles are delivered from…
Q: Which of the following regions of a sarcomere at rest is characterized by the presence of myosin…
A: Myofibrils are made up of sarcomeres, It gives striated appearance to the skeletal muscles because…
Q: Place these structures in order from LARGEST structure to SMALLEST: A) Myofibril B) Myofilament…
A: Each skeletal muscle is an organ that consists of various integrated tissues. These tissues include…
Q: When nerve cells contact each other, they form adherens junctions (AJs) at the point of contact. The…
A: Nerve cells transmit signals from one to another. When they do this, adheren junctions are formed…
Q: Why is the proportion of actin within filaments in cells smaller than would be predicted by in vitro…
A: Actin filaments are polarised polymers of actin subunits, with one filament end polymerizing and…
Q: In myogenesis, the assembling sarcomeres are integrated with the extracellular matrix (composed of…
A: Myogenesis is the process of development of muscular tissue during embryogenic development.
Q: Would you expect to find motor proteins that move along intermediate filaments? Explain why or why…
A: Intermediate filaments are thicker than actin filaments and thinner than microtubules.
Q: What prevents the filaments from sliding back to their original position each time a myosin cross…
A: Movement is one of the most important and unique characteristics of a living being. Muscles are…
Q: Describe the movement of myosin along an actin filament. Outline the primary molecular steps and…
A: Since you have posted a question with multiple subparts, we will solve the first three subparts for…
Q: Which of the following statements are true? (choose all that apply) The Z-disc is found in the…
A: The unit of the muscle is known as sarcomere that shows massive molecular events during muscle…
Q: From the following choices, choose the THREE, that would result in prevention of muscle contraction…
A: A Muscle Contraction Is Triggered When an Action Potential Travels Along the Nerves to the Muscles.…
Q: The sliding filament model depicts how myosin motors attached to actin lead to muscle contraction.…
A: Introduction:- There are different types of muscles present in our body - skeletal muscles, smooth…
Q: In the structure of a sarcomere, w A-band? actin myosin
A: The basic contractile unit of muscle fiber is formed by the sarcomere. Two main protein filaments-…
Q: Describe how actin and myosin are arranged relative to each other
A: The skeletal system is the arrangement of bones offering structural support and stature to the body.…
Q: In a skeletal muscle if calcium levels in the cytosol increase, as calcium is released from the…
A: Skeletal muscle can be outlined as the muscles of the body that are voluntary in action. They are…
Q: 96. An investigator is studying the contraction and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle in an…
A: Smooth muscles are the non-striated muscles which are found in all the internal hollow body organs…
Q: where in the process of the actin and myosin filaments sliding over each other is ATP consumed?
A: Muscle fibers are long, cylindrical cells that make up skeletal muscles. They are responsible for…
Q: In the sliding filament theory of contraction, what prevents the filaments from sliding back to…
A: Sliding filament theory of muscle contraction: this theory states that sliding of actin filament…
Q: When an action potential arrives at the neuromuscular junction, acetylcholine is released into the…
A: Muscle is the tissue present in the body that helps for movement and change shape. There are mainly…
Q: You know from experience that skeletal muscle tires quite quickly, especially if there is not enough…
A: Paramyosin is one of the muscle proteins in the invertebrates. Like myosin it helps in the muscle…
Q: What triggers the binding of synaptic vesicles to the synaptic knob membrane to cause exocytosis of…
A: ACh is the concise form of a kind of neurotransmitter called acetylcholine. It is synthesized in the…
Q: This thick filament motor protein composed of 6 polypeptide chains uses ATP hydrolysis to interact…
A: Skeletal muscles are attached with the skeleton. Muscle is made up of contractile, structural and…
Q: Actin exits in two forms, a globular G form ( the free subunit) and a filamentous Fform( assembled…
A: Answer: ACTIN = This is a protein that forms microfilaments and are present in all eukaryotic cells,…
What are the difference between actin and myosin.
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- Shortly after a person dies, Ca2+diffuses out of the saroplasmic reticulum and the body becomes very still and rigid, a phenomenoncalled rigor mortis (rig′er mōr′tis). Given ATP’s role in myosin head movement, propose an explanation for rigor mortis.Synaptic cleft has what? A)stores neurotransmitters when they are not in use B)contains myosin and actin C)is located in the sarcoplasm D)is a space where neurotransmitters are released from the neuronWhat are the three structural components of a neuromuscular junction?
- What would be the consequence for actin filament assembly/disassembly if a mutation prevented actin’s ability to bind ATP? What would be the consequence if a mutation prevented actin’s ability to hydrolyze ATP?What happens to contraction of a muscle cell if some of the Ca2+ that was released during a contraction is still in the cytoplasm (sarcoplasm) when the next stimulus arrives? - The muscle contracts with the same tension generated as during the first contraction, because the number of cross-bridges formed is always the same during a contraction. - The muscle contracts with greater tension generated because more troponin molecules bound means greater myosin-binding sites (active sites) are revealed on the actin, leading to a larger number of cross-bridges formed. - The muscle contracts with greater tension generated because there will be more Ca2+ in the sarcoplasm after the second stimulation, which will bind to more troponin molecules. - The muscle contracts with the same tension generated as during the first contraction, because muscles contract in an all-or-none fashion.what happens to acetylcholine to stop muscle contraction? What happens to actin when calcium is gone?
- Myosin II has a duty ratio of 10 percent, and its step size is 8 nm. In contrast, myosin V has a much higher duty ratio (about 70 percent) and takes 36-nm steps as it walks down an actin filament. What differences between myosin II and myosin V account for their different properties?1) Paula is a scientist who is developing a drug called Fremtol that will be used to treat muscle spasms. This drug acts on specific skeletal muscles to (1) block the release of Ca2+ ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, (2) inhibit the pivoting ability of the myosin heads of the thick filaments, and (3) block the production of ATP by the mitochondria in skeletal muscles. By using this drug, contraction of certain skeletal muscle fibers is reduced, which keeps those muscles from producing spasms. In the above scenario, Fremtol’s effect of blocking the pivoting ability of the myosin heads of the thick filaments would have which of the following consequences? a. decreased release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction b. inhibition of the power stroke c. reduced production of myoglobin d. All of the above e. None of the above 2) Paula is a scientist who is developing a drug called Fremtol that will be used to treat muscle spasms. This drug acts on specific skeletal muscles to…2) Paula is a scientist who is developing a drug called Fremtol that will be used to treat muscle spasms. This drug acts on specific skeletal muscles to (1) block the release of Ca2+ ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, (2) inhibit the pivoting ability of the myosin heads of the thick filaments, and (3) block the production of ATP by the mitochondria in skeletal muscles. By using this drug, contraction of certain skeletal muscle fibers is reduced, which keeps those muscles from producing spasms. In the above scenario, Fremtol’s effect of blocking the release of Ca2+ ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum would most directly prevent which the following? a. activation of tropomyosin b. activation of troponin c. activation of actin d. All of the above e. None of the above
- Do all three types of muscle: smooth, skeletal, and cardiac use cross bridges for movement of muscles? What about tropinoin and tropomysin? Is it only skeletal and cardiac that utilize these specific myosin and actin components?Can you match the sacromere anatomy with the proper answer from the list below the table graph? Sarcomere Anatomy Description/Reaction Thin Filaments ? Thick Filaments ? A Band ? I Band ? M Line ? H Zone ? Z Disc ? A) G-Actin, F-Actin, Troponin, Tropomyosin B) Myosin C) Bisected by the M Line, this area shows only the thick filaments without any thin filamentous overlap D) The point of origin for myosin filaments found in the center of the sarcomere E) An area in the center of the sarcomere marked by the entire length of the thick filaments F) A space between sarcomeres with the z-disc in the center; this region shows Actin's anchorage points and extension without myosin overlap G) Anchoring point for the thin filamentsHow do we know that there are vesicles filled with neurotransmitters at the neuromuscular junction? Why are they termed ‘quanta’?