What are different between horizontal angle and vertical angle in surveying?

Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
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ISBN:9780134746241
Author:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
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What are different between horizontal angle and vertical angle in surveying?

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The investigation of the lithology present beneath the ground for the preparation of the map or model is known as surveying. The maps prepared gives information on the three-dimensional surfaces using cross-sections.

Step 2

Horizontal angle

Vertical angle

A horizontal angle can be defined as the angle difference between the two measured directions. On a plane perpendicular to the vertical axis (plumb line), such an angle is measured.

The vertical angles are determined for calculating the heights of the points and slope corrections.

 

For the determination of the bearings and directions for the detailed mapping of the location, setting off all structures, and control surveys, the angle is determined, which is called a Horizontal angle.

Vertical angles are used to determine the slope of survey lines from the horizontal plane (level line).

These angles could be measured clockwise as well as anticlockwise. Theodolite measures it.

 

These angles could be determined either from the horizon or from the zenith. It is measured by theodolite.

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