**Separation of Chloroform and Ethanol Mixture**We aim to separate a mixture consisting of 25% mole of chloroform (1) and 75% mole of ethanol (2) at 55 °C. The azeotrope of this mixture is given as x1 = y1 = 0.84 at 101.3 kPa and 55 °C. We will determine the following using the 1-parameter Margules activity coefficient equation:a. **Diagram Sketch:** - Create a schematic representing all known and unknown variables for the mixture. This will involve setting up the system to separate it in a flash drum operating at 65 kPa and 55 °C.b. **Flash Calculation:** - Determine if the mixture will flash at 65 kPa and 55 °C. This requires calculations using the given data and properties of the pure components available in the textbook appendix or other reliable resources.c. **Flowrate and Composition:** - If the mixture flashes, calculate the flowrate and composition of the streams exiting the flash separation unit.**Note:** This exercise involves applications of thermodynamic principles and activity coefficients to evaluate separation processes.

The technique of flash separation, which divides a liquid mixture into a liquid phase and a vapour phase, is the subject of the inquiry. By lowering the mixture's pressure below its saturation pressure, this is accomplished.The question asks us to calculate the flowrate and make-up of the streams that exit the flash separation unit in the event that a combination of ethanol and chloroform flashes at 65 kPa and 55 °C.In order to respond to these queries, we must comprehend the following ideas:Bubble point pressure: The pressure at which the first vapor bubble forms in a liquid.Dew point pressure: The pressure at which the first liquid droplet forms in a vapor.Equilibrium constant: A measure of the equilibrium between a liquid phase and a vapor phase.Saturation pressure: The pressure at which a liquid and its vapor are in equilibrium at a given temperature.These ideas allow us to compute the mixture's bubble point and dew point pressures at 55 °C. The mixture will flash if the pressure within the flash drum is between the bubble point pressure and the dew point pressure.Diagram of all knowns and unknowns for the mixture above if you want to separate it in a flash drum at 65 kPa and 55 °C:Knowns:Mole fraction of chloroform (1) in mixture: x1 = 0.25Mole fraction of ethanol (2) in mixture: x2 = 0.75Azeotrope composition: x1 = y1 = 0.84 at 101.3 kPa and 55 °CPressure in flash drum: P = 65 kPaTemperature in flash drum: T = 55 °CUnknowns:Flowrate of vapor stream leaving flash drum: FComposition of vapor stream leaving flash drum: y1, y2Composition of liquid stream leaving flash drum: x1', x2'Will the mixture flash at 65 kPa and 55 °C?We must compare the mixture's bubble point pressure and dew point pressure at 55 °C in order to ascertain if the mixture will flash at 65 kPa and 55 °C.Point of bubble pressure: The pressure at which a liquid's first vapour bubble occurs is known as the bubble point pressure. This equation may be used to calculate it:where:P_b is the bubble point pressure (kPa)P_1 is the vapor pressure of pure chloroform (kPa)A12 is the Margules activity coefficient parameterx2 is the mole fraction of ethanol in the liquid mixtureDew point pressure: The dew point pressure is the pressure at which the first liquid droplet forms in a vapor. It can be calculated using the following equation:where:P_d is the dew point pressure (kPa)P_2 is the vapor pressure of pure ethanol (kPa)A21 is the Margules activity coefficient parameterx1 is the mole fraction of chloroform in the vapor mixtureUsing the given values, we can calculate the bubble point pressure and dew point pressure of the mixture at 55 °C as follows:As a result, the mixture's dew point pressure at 55 °C is 44.5 kPa and its bubble point pressure is 34.8 kPa. The combination will flash because the pressure in the flash drum (65 kPa) is in between the bubble point and dew point pressures.Determine the flow rate and make-up of the stream(s) exiting the flash separation unit if the mixture flashes.The following formulas can be used to determine the composition and flowrate of the streams exiting the flash separation unit:where:F is the total flowrate leaving the flash separation unit (kg/s)F_L is the flowrate of the liquid stream leaving the flash separation unit (kg/s)F_V is the flowrate of the vapor stream leaving the flash separation unit (kg/s)x1 is the mole fraction of chloroform in the liquid mixturey1 is the mole fraction of chloroform in the vapor mixturex2 is the mole fraction of ethanol in the liquid mixturey2 is the mole fraction of ethanol in the vapor mixtureWe can also use the following equation to relate the flowrates of the liquid and vapor streams:where:K is the equilibrium constantP is the pressure in the flash drum (kPa)P_sat is the saturation pressure of the mixture at the flash drum temperature (kPa)The flowrate and stream composition exiting the flash separation unit may be computed using the following formulas using the provided values:We must first determine the equilibrium constant, K. The equation that follows can be used to do this:Using the azeotrope composition, we can calculate the equilibrium constant at 101.3 kPa and 55 °C as follows:Subsequently, we must compute the mixture's saturation pressure at the flash drum temperature of 55 °C. The equation that follows can be used to do this:Now, we can use the following equations to calculate the flowrates of the liquid and vapor streams:Substituting the given values, we get:Finally, we can use the following equations to calculate the composition of the liquid and vapor streams:Substituting the calculated values of F_L and F_V, we get:As a result, the liquid stream leaving the flash separation unit has a composition of 1.74 moles of chloroform and 0.26 moles of ethanol, and its flowrate is 1.74 times that of the entire feed stream. The vapour stream exiting the flash separation unit has a composition of 0.74 mole percent ethanol and 0.26 mole fraction chloroform, and its flowrate is 0.26 times that of the entire feed stream.Conclusionhe ethanol and chloroform combination will flash at 55 °C and 65 kPa. The liquid stream exiting the flash separation unit has a composition of 1.74 moles of chloroform and 0.26 moles of ethanol, and its flowrate is 1.74 times that of the entire feed stream. The vapour stream exiting the flash separation unit has a composition of 0.74 mole percent ethanol and 0.26 mole fraction chloroform, and its flowrate is 0.26 times that of the entire feed stream.