Water (viscosity of 0.001 kg/m.s and density of 1000 kg/m ) is to be pumped through 50 m of pipe from lower reservoir to a higher reservoir at a rate 3 of 0.2 m /s. If the pipe is cast iron of diameter 12 cm and the pump efficient is =0.34%, the major head loss inside the pipe is ¼ of the velocity head what horsepower pump is needed? Hint: consider the abrupt expansion only as a minor loss.

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Work and Heat Transfer

It is generally related to thermal engineering which tells about the use, creation, conversion and transfer of heat energy between the systems. It is also considered that to transfer heat from one source to another, transfer of masses is also required. There are various mechanisms by which, transfer of heat takes place i.e. thermal conduction, convection, radiation or by change of phase. All these mechanisms have their own specific features which sometimes occur simultaneously within the same system.