Water is pumped from a reservoir to a pressurized storage tank (P = 150 kPa gauge) atop a building by means of a centrifugal pump. There is a 70-m difference in elevation between the water surface in the reservoir and the end of the discharge line. The piping system consists of 80m of 5" SCH 40 steel pipe containing two 90o elbows, one gate valve, one rotary water meter, and six couplings from the reservoir to the pump; 3" SCH 40 steel pipe for 86m to the tank. The 3" pipe contains two gate valves, four 90o elbows, and ten couplings. It is desired to maintain a flow of water into the tank of 2.4 m3/min. Water temperature is 25oC. If the pump-motor set has efficiency of 65%, what would be the pumping costs be in pesos per day if electricity costs PhP 10.50/kW-hr?

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Clutches, Brakes, Couplings, and Flywheels

The clutch is described as a machine element used to connect or disconnect two shafts together to transmit torque or power. The clutch works on the principles of friction. The clutch is commonly used in automobiles to transfer power from the driving shaft to the driven shaft.