Water is conveyed from a constant head tank (head or operation is 4 m) through a 100 m long horizontal pipe of 100 mm diameter with a valve at its end. With the valve half open, the free flow through the pipe is 12 LPS. Obtain the value of loss coefficient for the valve. Take f = 0.026 for pipe and consider all minor losses. H = 4m valve 100mm L 100m

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Metrology of surface finish

In general terms, the application of scientific principles in the study of measurements is known as metrology. When speaking about measurement, it could be of time, length, microstructures, grain structures, internal crystal discontinuities, surface roughness, measurements of angles, height, width, and so on. While coming to the domain of mechanical engineering, metrology is considered the science of measurements of surface finish, length, surface texture, and angles.