Water flows in a rectangular channel at a depth of 1.5 m. A 30 cm high smooth bump produces a drop of 15 cm in the water surface elevation. Neglecting losses, estimate the discharge per unit width of the channel. Solution: Refer to Figure 2.18. Let suffixes 1 and 2 refer to sections upstream of the hump and on the hump respectively as indicated in the figure. Energy Line E, Y₁ 0.15 m Hump AZ = 0.30 m 2

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Open Channel Flow

Open channel flow is a branch of fluid mechanics. It deals with the flow of fluid in an open conduit or free surface. In an open channel flow, gravity induces the flow of water whose surface is open to the air. This flow is free-falling rather than confined in rigid body conduits. The open channel flow depends upon two parameters that are the cross-section of the conduit and the velocity profile. Practical examples of open channel flow are streams, rivers, canals, and other drainage systems.In open channel flow, the cross-sectional area of at least one of the sides is exposed to air, and the surface of water faces atmospheric pressure. This flow is also known as free gravity flow. The cross-sectional area of the conduit can be either man-made or a natural channel. For instance, the flow in rivers and streams are natural conduits, and the flow in a canal and sanitary systems are man-made or engineered channels.