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water flow high potential energy electron flow waterwheel high electric potential energy motor battery pump low potential energy low electric potential energy

water flow high potential energy electron flow waterwheel high electric potential energy motor battery pump low potential energy low electric potential energy

Elements Of Electromagnetics
Elements Of Electromagnetics
7th Edition
ISBN:9780190698614
Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
Publisher:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
ChapterMA: Math Assessment
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1.1MA
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Explain the Water pump analogy on pg 560 in your own words! (PAGE 560 IS ATTATCHED BELOW) :)

LEARNING TIP A Model for Electric Potential Energy Volts and Voltage Figure 1 shows a simple circuit in which a motor is connected to an electric cell. Stored electrical energy in the cell causes the shaft of the motor to spin. Lets use an analogy to help visualize whať's happening inside this circuit. For centuries people have used the energy of falling water to push waterwheels. This is possible because water above the wheel has more gravitational potential energy than it does below the wheel. As water falls, some of this energy is used to spin the waterwheel. To keep the wheel spinning you need a steady supply of falling water such as a fast-flowing stream. If this is not available, a pump can be used to push water up to its original position. As water is pumped to its original position, its gravitational potential energy also increases to its original amount (Figure 2(a)). Similarly, there is a potential difference between the two terminals of an electric cell. Electrons leave the negative terminal with electric potential energy that can be used to operate a motor. As a result, the electrons return to the positive terminal of the cell with less electric potential energy than they started with, because some of their energy was used to run the motor (Figure 2(b)). Once inside the cell, chemical reactions "re-energize" the electrons and send them out the negative terminal again. In this way, the electric cell acts like the pump in Figure 2(a). In science, we use an italic V to represent potential difference, or voltage, to avoid confusing it with the symbol for volt (V). Figure 1 A battery connected to a motor DID YOU ΚΝOW? water flow high potential electron flow Measuring the Voltage of Batteries When you check if a battery is still energy high electric potential waterwheel good, you need to check the voltage drop across the two terminals. To measure the voltage, connect energy motor the positive lead of a voltmeter to the positive electrode of the battery. The positive electrode is usually marked battery pump low potential energy with a + sign. Then connect the negative lead of the voltmeter to the negative electrode of the battery. If you measure a voltage less than the rated voltage for the battery, it means that the battery is weak. If you measure O V, the battery is dead. Recall that a voltage of zero means low electric potential energy (a) Figure 2 (a) A pump provides potential energy to the water, which can then turn a waterwheel. (b) A potential difference is necessary for current to flow in a circuit. Within the battery, the electrons flow from the negative electrode (higher electric potential energy) to the positive electrode (lower electric potential energy). that no current will flow.
Transcribed Image Text:LEARNING TIP A Model for Electric Potential Energy Volts and Voltage Figure 1 shows a simple circuit in which a motor is connected to an electric cell. Stored electrical energy in the cell causes the shaft of the motor to spin. Lets use an analogy to help visualize whať's happening inside this circuit. For centuries people have used the energy of falling water to push waterwheels. This is possible because water above the wheel has more gravitational potential energy than it does below the wheel. As water falls, some of this energy is used to spin the waterwheel. To keep the wheel spinning you need a steady supply of falling water such as a fast-flowing stream. If this is not available, a pump can be used to push water up to its original position. As water is pumped to its original position, its gravitational potential energy also increases to its original amount (Figure 2(a)). Similarly, there is a potential difference between the two terminals of an electric cell. Electrons leave the negative terminal with electric potential energy that can be used to operate a motor. As a result, the electrons return to the positive terminal of the cell with less electric potential energy than they started with, because some of their energy was used to run the motor (Figure 2(b)). Once inside the cell, chemical reactions "re-energize" the electrons and send them out the negative terminal again. In this way, the electric cell acts like the pump in Figure 2(a). In science, we use an italic V to represent potential difference, or voltage, to avoid confusing it with the symbol for volt (V). Figure 1 A battery connected to a motor DID YOU ΚΝOW? water flow high potential electron flow Measuring the Voltage of Batteries When you check if a battery is still energy high electric potential waterwheel good, you need to check the voltage drop across the two terminals. To measure the voltage, connect energy motor the positive lead of a voltmeter to the positive electrode of the battery. The positive electrode is usually marked battery pump low potential energy with a + sign. Then connect the negative lead of the voltmeter to the negative electrode of the battery. If you measure a voltage less than the rated voltage for the battery, it means that the battery is weak. If you measure O V, the battery is dead. Recall that a voltage of zero means low electric potential energy (a) Figure 2 (a) A pump provides potential energy to the water, which can then turn a waterwheel. (b) A potential difference is necessary for current to flow in a circuit. Within the battery, the electrons flow from the negative electrode (higher electric potential energy) to the positive electrode (lower electric potential energy). that no current will flow.
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