Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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![### Clove Oil Component Analysis
The main components of clove oil are eugenol, eugenol acetate, and β-caryophyllene. The structures of these compounds are shown below:
- **Eugenol**: Contains a hydroxyl group attached to an aromatic ring.
- **Eugenol Acetate**: Similar to eugenol but with an acetate group.
- **β-Caryophyllene**: A cyclic hydrocarbon.
#### a) Ranking Polarity
Rank the compounds from least polar to most polar:
- β-caryophyllene (least polar)
- Eugenol acetate
- Eugenol (most polar)
#### b) TLC Analysis
After performing TLC using a 10% acetone in hexanes mobile phase, the following TLC plate was obtained:
- The plate shows three distinct spots at different heights:
- **Top Spot**: 5 cm from the baseline.
- **Middle Spot**: 2.8 cm from the baseline.
- **Bottom Spot**: On the baseline.
Identify the compounds:
- **Top Spot**: Eugenol (most polar, least retention).
- **Middle Spot**: Eugenol acetate (moderate polarity and retention).
- **Bottom Spot**: β-caryophyllene (least polar, most retention).
#### c) Calculating Rf Value
Calculate the \( R_f \) value for the middle spot:
\[ R_f = \frac{\text{Distance traveled by compound}}{\text{Distance traveled by solvent front}} = \frac{2.8 \, \text{cm}}{5 \, \text{cm}} = 0.56 \]
#### d) Effect of Increased Polarity
Increasing the polarity of the mobile phase would result in higher \( R_f \) values for all spots, as the more polar phase would interact more with the polar compounds, carrying them further up the plate.
#### e) Column Chromatography Elution Order
In column chromatography:
- **First to Elute**: β-caryophyllene (least polar).
- **Last to Elute**: Eugenol (most polar).
#### f) Fraction Analysis with TLC
Four TLC plates analyzed fractions:
- **Plate with Two Spots near Baseline**: Contain fractions 1-4.
- **Plate with Three Spots near Baseline**: Contain fractions 5-8.
- **Plate with Distinct Middle Spot**: Cont](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F1b5d3972-c92b-4ea1-a6eb-b1828bd93066%2Fd111499a-d6c0-43fe-bf7a-69fe381ff014%2F6irombc_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:### Clove Oil Component Analysis
The main components of clove oil are eugenol, eugenol acetate, and β-caryophyllene. The structures of these compounds are shown below:
- **Eugenol**: Contains a hydroxyl group attached to an aromatic ring.
- **Eugenol Acetate**: Similar to eugenol but with an acetate group.
- **β-Caryophyllene**: A cyclic hydrocarbon.
#### a) Ranking Polarity
Rank the compounds from least polar to most polar:
- β-caryophyllene (least polar)
- Eugenol acetate
- Eugenol (most polar)
#### b) TLC Analysis
After performing TLC using a 10% acetone in hexanes mobile phase, the following TLC plate was obtained:
- The plate shows three distinct spots at different heights:
- **Top Spot**: 5 cm from the baseline.
- **Middle Spot**: 2.8 cm from the baseline.
- **Bottom Spot**: On the baseline.
Identify the compounds:
- **Top Spot**: Eugenol (most polar, least retention).
- **Middle Spot**: Eugenol acetate (moderate polarity and retention).
- **Bottom Spot**: β-caryophyllene (least polar, most retention).
#### c) Calculating Rf Value
Calculate the \( R_f \) value for the middle spot:
\[ R_f = \frac{\text{Distance traveled by compound}}{\text{Distance traveled by solvent front}} = \frac{2.8 \, \text{cm}}{5 \, \text{cm}} = 0.56 \]
#### d) Effect of Increased Polarity
Increasing the polarity of the mobile phase would result in higher \( R_f \) values for all spots, as the more polar phase would interact more with the polar compounds, carrying them further up the plate.
#### e) Column Chromatography Elution Order
In column chromatography:
- **First to Elute**: β-caryophyllene (least polar).
- **Last to Elute**: Eugenol (most polar).
#### f) Fraction Analysis with TLC
Four TLC plates analyzed fractions:
- **Plate with Two Spots near Baseline**: Contain fractions 1-4.
- **Plate with Three Spots near Baseline**: Contain fractions 5-8.
- **Plate with Distinct Middle Spot**: Cont
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