Vcc RC Vcc Rc Rc Rc O- vo +o - vo +o ici +o U2 U2 пл D iEE = IEE +1 sin wit ) İEE = IEE +1 sin wit VEE VEE (b) (a) Figure 17.78 (a) Basic single-balanced mixer. (b) Differential pair implementation.
Quantization and Resolution
Quantization is a methodology of carrying out signal modulation by the process of mapping input values from an infinitely long set of continuous values to a smaller set of finite values. Quantization forms the basic algorithm for lossy compression algorithms and represents a given analog signal into digital signals. In other words, these algorithms form the base of an analog-to-digital converter. Devices that process the algorithm of quantization are known as a quantizer. These devices aid in rounding off (approximation) the errors of an input function called the quantized value.
Probability of Error
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Suppose that switching signal υ2 in the mixer as shown is operating at a frequency of f1, the same frequency as the signal part of iEE. What are the amplitudes and frequencies of the first five spectral components of the output voltage if IEE = 2.5 mA, I1 = 0.5 mA, and RC = 2 kΩ?
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