V2.1 V2. V1.1 V1,n Control volume
A Francis radial-flow hydroturbine is being designed with the following dimensions: r2 = 2.00 m, r1 = 1.42 m, b2 = 0.731 m, and b1 = 2.20 m. The runner rotates at n. = 180 rpm. The wicket gates turn the flow by angle ?2 = 30° from radial at the runner inlet, and the flow at the runner outlet is at angle ?1 = 10° from radial. The volume flow rate at design conditions is 340 m3 /s, and the gross head provided by the dam is Hgross = 90.0 m. For the preliminary design, irreversible losses are neglected. Using appropriate software, investigate the effect of the runner outlet angle ?1 on the required net head and the output power. Let the outlet angle vary from −20° to 20° in increments of 1°, and plot your results. Determine the minimum possible value of ?1 such that the flow does not violate the laws of
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