A Kaplan turbine works under a head of 22 m. and has a rotative speed of150 rpm. The diameters of the runner and the hub are 4.5 m and 1.2 m respectively. The flow ratio is 0.43 The inlet blade angle at the exterme edge of the runner is 16.5°. If the turbine discharges axially at outlet, determine the (a) hydraulic efficiency and (b) inlet guide vane angle and the outlet blade angle at the exterme edge of the runner. Calculation may be performed at the extreme edge of blade.

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Friction

Friction is defined as the force that prevents any solid surface, any layer of fluid, or any kind of element or material from sliding.