Using Markovnikov's rule, determine which carbon atom the "X" of the "HX" compound would bond to in the addition reaction above? a. A b. B c. C d. D
Electronic Effects
The effect of electrons that are located in the chemical bonds within the atoms of the molecule is termed an electronic effect. The electronic effect is also explained as the effect through which the reactivity of the compound in one portion is controlled by the electron repulsion or attraction producing in another portion of the molecule.
Drawing Resonance Forms
In organic chemistry, resonance may be a mental exercise that illustrates the delocalization of electrons inside molecules within the valence bond theory of octet bonding. It entails creating several Lewis structures that, when combined, reflect the molecule's entire electronic structure. One Lewis diagram cannot explain the bonding (lone pair, double bond, octet) elaborately. A hybrid describes a combination of possible resonance structures that represents the entire delocalization of electrons within the molecule.
Using Molecular Structure To Predict Equilibrium
Equilibrium does not always imply an equal presence of reactants and products. This signifies that the reaction reaches a point when reactant and product quantities remain constant as the rate of forward and backward reaction is the same. Molecular structures of various compounds can help in predicting equilibrium.
Using Markovnikov's rule, determine which carbon atom the "X" of the "HX" compound would bond to in the addition reaction above?
![**Question 26**
Given the following chemical reaction:
\[ CH_3 - C - CH_2 + HX \]
\[ \quad \| \]
\[ \quad CH_3 \]
Identify the correct product using Markovnikov's rule.
- **a.** Option A
- **b.** Option B
- **c.** Option C
- **d.** Option D
**Explanation of Diagram:**
- The structure shown is 2-butene, specifically, CH₃CH=CHCH₃.
- The presence of HX (which represents a hydrogen halide, such as HCl or HBr) suggests an addition reaction.
- Arrows labeled A, B, C, and D point to different atoms or bonds in the structure, which represents potential sites for reaction or attachment.
**Note:** Markovnikov's rule states that in the addition of HX to an alkene, the hydrogen (H) will attach to the carbon with the greater number of hydrogen atoms (the more substituted carbon), and the halide (X) will attach to the carbon with fewer hydrogen atoms (the less substituted carbon).](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F14ea4f21-6699-4024-b646-bea77f42f534%2F3ea1dc17-534b-4652-99b2-388479cfb941%2Fja9hy8nt.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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