ushy 1V. As the reaction proceeds, the solution becomes more acidic and the pH of the solution decreases. Explain why. a reclox re ac V. The titration uses chromium(III) nitrate, yet nitrate does not appear in the half-reaction. Explain the role of nitrate in the reaction. Vi. The 10.0 mL of hypochlorous acid requires 26.5 mL of 0.120 M chromium (III) nitrate to reach equivalence. 1. Determine the initial molarity of hypochlorous acid.

ushy 1V. As the reaction proceeds, the solution becomes more acidic and the pH of the solution decreases. Explain why. a reclox re ac V. The titration uses chromium(III) nitrate, yet nitrate does not appear in the half-reaction. Explain the role of nitrate in the reaction. Vi. The 10.0 mL of hypochlorous acid requires 26.5 mL of 0.120 M chromium (III) nitrate to reach equivalence. 1. Determine the initial molarity of hypochlorous acid.

Principles of Modern Chemistry

8th Edition

ISBN:9781305079113

Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler

Publisher:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler

Chapter11: Solutions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 26P

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An acid is titrated with NaOH. The following beakers are illustrations of the contents of the beaker at various times during the titration. These are presented out of order. Note: Counter-ions and water molecules have been omitted from the illustrations for clarity. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) a. Is the acid a weak or strong acid? How can you tell? b. Arrange the beakers in order of what the contents would look like as the titration progresses. c. For which beaker would pH = pKa? Explain your answer. d. Which beaker represents the equivalence point of the titration? Explain your answer. e. For which beaker would the Ka value for the acid not be necessary to determine the pH? Explain your answer.
A 5.36-g sample of NH4Cl was added to 25.0 mL of 1.00 M NaOH and the resulting solution diluted to 0.100 L.. (a) What is the pH of this buffer solution?. (b) Is the solution acidic or basic?. (c) What is the pH of a solution that results when 3.00 mL of 0.034 M HCl is added to the solution?
Consider the following two acids: In two separate experiments the pH was measured during the titration of 5.00 mmol of each acid with 0.200 M NaOH. Each experiment showed only one stoichiometric point when the data were plotted. In one experiment the stoichiometric point was at 25.00 mL added NaOH, and in the other experiment the stoichiometric point was at 50.00 mL NaOH. Explain these results. (See Exercise 113.)
Consider saturated solutions of die following compounds: a. AgOH b. Cd(OH)2 c. Pb(OH)2 Calculate the pH of each saturated solution.
Follow the directions of Question 64. Consider two beakers: Beaker A has a weak acid(K a=1105). Beaker B has HCI. The volume and molarity of each acid in the beakers are the same. Both acids are to be titrated with a 0.1 M solution of NaOH. (a) Before titration starts (at zero time), the pH of the solution in Beaker A is the pH of the solution in Beaker B. (b) At half-neutralization (halfway to the equivalence point), the pH of the solution in Beaker A the pH of the solution in Beaker B. (c) When each solution has reached its equivalence point, the pH of the solution in Beaker A the pH of the solution in Beaker B. (d) At the equivalence point, the volume of NaOH used to titrate HCI in Beaker B the volume of NaOH used to titrate the weak acid in Beaker A.
A monoprotic organic acid that has a molar mass of 176.1 g/mol is synthesized. Unfortunately, the acid produced is not completely pure. In addition, it is not soluble in water. A chemist weighs a 1.8451-g sample of the impure acid and adds it to 100.0 mL of 0.1050 M NaOH. The acid is soluble in the NaOH solution and reacts to consume most of the NaOH. The amount of excess NaOH is determined by titration: It takes 3.28 mL of 0.0970 M HCl to neutralize the excess NaOH. What is the purity of the original acid, in percent?
What acid-base indicators, shown in Figure 18.24 would be suitable for the neutralization reaction whose titration curve is shown in Figure 18.30?Why?
The calcium ions in human blood serum are necessary for coagulation (Figure 15.5). Potassium oxalate, K2C2O4, is used as an anticoagulant when a blood sample is drawn for laboratory tests because it removes the calcium as a precipitate of CaC2O4H2O. It is necessary to remove all but 1.0% of the Ca2+ in serum in order to prevent coagulation. If normal blood serum with a buffered pH of 7.40 contains 9.5 mg of Ca2+ per 100 mL of serum, what mass of K2C2O4 is required to prevent the coagulation of a 10 mL blood sample that is 55% serum by volume? (All volumes are accurate to two significant figures. Note that the volume of serum in a 10-mL blood sample is 5.5 mL. Assume that the KSp value for CaC2O4 in serum is the same as in water.) Figure 15.5 Anticoagulants can be added to blood that will combine with the Ca2+ ions in blood serum and prevent the blood from clotting. (credit: modification of work by Neeta Lind)
A solution contains 1.0102 mol of Kl and 0.10 mol of KCl per liter. AgNO3 is gradually added to this solution. Which forms first, solid AgI or solid AgCl?
Calculate the pH after 0.020 mole of HCl is added to 1.00 L of each of the four solutions in Exercise 21.
Consider the titration curve in Exercise 115 for the titration of Na2Cr3 with HCl. a. If a mixture of NaHCO3 and Na2CO3 was titrated, what would be the relative sizes of V1, and V2? b. If a mixture of NaOH and Na2CO3 was titrated, what would be the relative sizes of V1 and V2? c. A sample contains a mixture of NaHCO3 and Na2CO3. When this sample was titrated with 0.100 M HCl, it took 18.9 mL to reach the first stoichiometric point and an additional 36.7 mL to reach the second stoichiometric point. What is the composition in mass percent of the sample?
Define a buffer solution. What makes up a buffer solution? How do buffers absorb added H+ or OH with little pH change? Is it necessary that the concentrations of the weak acid and the weak base in a buffered solution be equal? Explain. What is the pH of a buffer when the weak acid and conjugate base concentrations are equal? A buffer generally contains a weak acid and its weak conjugate base, or a weak base and its weak conjugate acid, in water. You can solve for the pH by setting up the equilibrium problem using the K.a reaction of the weak acid or the Kb reaction of the conjugate base. Both reactions give the same answer for the pH of the solution. Explain. A third method that can be used to solve for the pH of a buffet solution is the HendersonHasselbalch equation. What is the HendersonHasselbalch equation? What assumptions are made when using this equation?