Use the table to answer the question. Three tomato plants vary in the shape of their leaves: A has smooth edges on its leaves, B has wavy edges on its leaves, and C has smooth edges with bumps in the center of the leaf. Their genomes are the presence of three siRNAs as shown in the table below. Each plant is also tested to see if it is susceptible to attack by herbivorous beetles. Plant siRNA 1 siRNA 2 siRNA 3 Susceptible to Beetles A Yes No No Yes B Yes Yes No Yes C Yes No Yes No Part A: Identify the role of each siRNA. Explain how the siRNAs do their jobs. Part B: Decipher the connection between the phenotypes and susceptibility to beetles and explain how you deciphered this.
Use the table to answer the question.
Three tomato plants vary in the shape of their leaves: A has smooth edges on its leaves, B has wavy edges on its leaves, and C has smooth edges with bumps in the center of the leaf. Their genomes are the presence of three siRNAs as shown in the table below. Each plant is also tested to see if it is susceptible to attack by herbivorous beetles.
| Plant | siRNA 1 | siRNA 2 | siRNA 3 | Susceptible to Beetles |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | Yes | No | No | Yes |
| B | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| C | Yes | No | Yes | No |
Part A:
Identify the role of each siRNA. Explain how the siRNAs do their jobs.
Part B:
Decipher the connection between the
RNA interference or Short interfering Ribonucleic acid (siRNA) induced RNAA silencing is widely used in the field of crop biotechnology to impart protection against insects.
Molecular mechanism of siRNA mediated gene silencing: Drosha acts as a double stranded RNA specific endonuclease, which processes the pre-miRNA into miRNA duplex and load it into the RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex). The dsRNAs are processed into siRNA duplexes comprised of two 21nucleotides long strands with two nucleotides overhangs at the 3' ends by an RNAse III family enzyme called Dicer. Dicer and a dsRNA binding protein load the RNA duplex into the RISC. The siRNA provides target specificity to RISC through base pairing of the guide strand to the target mRNA. Only one of the two strands of the RISC complex acts as the guide strand and direct RNA silencing. The base pairing of the guide strand to the target RNA is very crucial for the endonuclease proteins of the RISC to cleave the target mRNA strand complementary to their bound siRNA.
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