Use the information in the pictures if needed and solve for the unknown D. please type the answers because it is much easier for me to understand that way. Unknown DTo the unknown mixture, 3 drops of 6 M HCl was added and no precipitate formed. To the liquid that was left, 3 drops of 0.10M (NH4)2SO4 was added and a precipitate formed. The precipitate was isolated by centrifuging and the liquid from the top decanted for further testing. To the decanted liquid, the solution was made basic and a few drops of (NH4)2C2O4 was added. No precipitate formed. The liquid was tested for Mg2+ and a bright blue jelly ppt formed. To the unknown, a separate NH4+ test was done and the litmus paper used to test the pH turned blue. To the unknown, a flame test was performed and the color emitted was a light purple-red. What ions are in the unknown? (Identify unknown ions and provide a brief summary)DO NOT SIMPLY RESTATE THE ABOVE OBSERVATIONS. # Qualitative Analysis of Ag⁺, Pb²⁺, Hg₂²⁺, Ba²⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, NH₄⁺, K⁺, Na⁺ Ions## I. Objective:To identify Ag⁺, Pb²⁺, Hg₂²⁺, Ba²⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, NH₄⁺, K⁺, Na⁺ ions in an unknown.## II. Observations:The chemical tests are outlined in the lab manual. Below is a summary of chemical tests 1-9 that would be performed in the lab. The outcomes of the chemical tests have been highlighted in grey.### Table 1: Summary of Observations| Ions | HCl | Heated test tube + CrO₄²⁻ | NH₃ | CrO₄²⁻ | SO₄²⁻ | C₂O₄²⁻ (ox) | Mg²⁺ test | NH₄⁺ test | Flame test ||-------|-----|---------------------------|-----|--------|-------|-------------|-----------|-----------|------------|| Ag⁺ | White ppt | White ppt stays | ------- | PPT Dissolves | Red-brown ppt | ------- | White ppt | N/A | N/A | ------- || Pb²⁺ | White ppt | PPT dissolves. Bright Yellow ppt | Stays white ppt | Yellow ppt | White ppt | White ppt | N/A | N/A | ------- || Hg₂²⁺ | White ppt | White ppt stays | ------- | Black ppt | Orange ppt | ------- | White ppt | N/A | N/A | ------- || Ba²⁺ | ------- | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | White ppt | White ppt | N/A | ------- || Ca²⁺ | ------- | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | White ppt | White ppt | N/A | ------- || Mg²⁺ | ------- | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Blue ppt | N/A | N/A | ------- || Na⁺ | ------- | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A ### Flowchart for Cation DetectionThis flowchart illustrates the step-by-step procedure for detecting specific cations: \( \text{Ag}^+ \), \( \text{Hg}_2^{2+} \), \( \text{Pb}^{2+} \), \( \text{Ca}^{2+} \), \( \text{Mg}^{2+} \), \( \text{Na}^+ \), \( \text{K}^+ \), \( \text{Ba}^{2+} \).#### Step-by-Step Procedure:**Step 1**: - **Add HCl** to initiate the reaction.**Step 2**: - Three precipitates form: \( \text{AgCl (s)} \), \( \text{Hg}_2\text{Cl}_2 (s) \), \( \text{PbCl}_2 (s) \). - Perform: 1. **Add \( \text{H}_2\text{O} \)** 2. **Heat** the solution.**Step 3**:- Obtain \( \text{Pb}^{2+} \) (aqueous).- **Add \( \text{K}_2\text{CrO}_4 \)** to form \( \text{PbCrO}_4 \).- Detection: "You have \( \text{Pb}^{2+} \)" if \( \text{PbCrO}_4 \) forms.**Step 4**:- For the precipitate \( \text{Hg}_2\text{Cl}_2 \): - **Add NH\(_3\)**. - Formation of \( \text{HgNH}_2\text{Cl (s)} \) indicates presence of \( \text{Hg}_2^{2+} \).**Step 5**:- For \( \text{AgCl (s)} \), add \( \text{HNO}_3 \).- Formation of \( \text{AgCl (s)} \) indicates presence of \( \text{Ag}^+ \).**Step 6**:- Add \( \text{(NH}_4)_2\text{SO}_4 \) to form \( \text{BaSO}_4 (s) \).- "You have \( \text{Ba}^{2+} \)" if \( \

The solution is tested for the presence of metal ions through a systematic procedure of qualitative…

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Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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Use the information in the pictures if needed and solve for the unknown D.

please type the answers because it is much easier for me to understand that way.

Unknown D

To the unknown mixture, 3 drops of 6 M HCl was added and no precipitate formed. To the liquid that was left, 3 drops of 0.10M (NH₄)₂SO₄ was added and a precipitate formed. The precipitate was isolated by centrifuging and the liquid from the top decanted for further testing. To the decanted liquid, the solution was made basic and a few drops of (NH₄)₂C₂O₄ was added. No precipitate formed. The liquid was tested for Mg²⁺ and a bright blue jelly ppt formed.

To the unknown, a separate NH₄⁺ test was done and the litmus paper used to test the pH turned blue.

To the unknown, a flame test was performed and the color emitted was a light purple-red. What ions are in the unknown?

(Identify unknown ions and provide a brief summary)

DO NOT SIMPLY RESTATE THE ABOVE OBSERVATIONS.

# Qualitative Analysis of Ag⁺, Pb²⁺, Hg₂²⁺, Ba²⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, NH₄⁺, K⁺, Na⁺ Ions

## I. Objective:

To identify Ag⁺, Pb²⁺, Hg₂²⁺, Ba²⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, NH₄⁺, K⁺, Na⁺ ions in an unknown.

## II. Observations:

The chemical tests are outlined in the lab manual. Below is a summary of chemical tests 1-9 that would be performed in the lab. The outcomes of the chemical tests have been highlighted in grey.

### Table 1: Summary of Observations

| Ions | HCl | Heated test tube + CrO₄²⁻ | NH₃ | CrO₄²⁻ | SO₄²⁻ | C₂O₄²⁻ (ox) | Mg²⁺ test | NH₄⁺ test | Flame test |
|-------|-----|---------------------------|-----|--------|-------|-------------|-----------|-----------|------------|
| Ag⁺ | White ppt | White ppt stays | ------- | PPT Dissolves | Red-brown ppt | ------- | White ppt | N/A | N/A | ------- |
| Pb²⁺ | White ppt | PPT dissolves. Bright Yellow ppt | Stays white ppt | Yellow ppt | White ppt | White ppt | N/A | N/A | ------- |
| Hg₂²⁺ | White ppt | White ppt stays | ------- | Black ppt | Orange ppt | ------- | White ppt | N/A | N/A | ------- |
| Ba²⁺ | ------- | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | White ppt | White ppt | N/A | ------- |
| Ca²⁺ | ------- | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | White ppt | White ppt | N/A | ------- |
| Mg²⁺ | ------- | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Blue ppt | N/A | N/A | ------- |
| Na⁺ | ------- | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A

### Flowchart for Cation Detection

This flowchart illustrates the step-by-step procedure for detecting specific cations: \( \text{Ag}^+ \), \( \text{Hg}_2^{2+} \), \( \text{Pb}^{2+} \), \( \text{Ca}^{2+} \), \( \text{Mg}^{2+} \), \( \text{Na}^+ \), \( \text{K}^+ \), \( \text{Ba}^{2+} \).

#### Step-by-Step Procedure:

**Step 1**:
- **Add HCl** to initiate the reaction.

**Step 2**:
- Three precipitates form: \( \text{AgCl (s)} \), \( \text{Hg}_2\text{Cl}_2 (s) \), \( \text{PbCl}_2 (s) \).
- Perform:
1. **Add \( \text{H}_2\text{O} \)**
2. **Heat** the solution.

**Step 3**:
- Obtain \( \text{Pb}^{2+} \) (aqueous).
- **Add \( \text{K}_2\text{CrO}_4 \)** to form \( \text{PbCrO}_4 \).
- Detection: "You have \( \text{Pb}^{2+} \)" if \( \text{PbCrO}_4 \) forms.

**Step 4**:
- For the precipitate \( \text{Hg}_2\text{Cl}_2 \):
- **Add NH\(_3\)**.
- Formation of \( \text{HgNH}_2\text{Cl (s)} \) indicates presence of \( \text{Hg}_2^{2+} \).

**Step 5**:
- For \( \text{AgCl (s)} \), add \( \text{HNO}_3 \).
- Formation of \( \text{AgCl (s)} \) indicates presence of \( \text{Ag}^+ \).

**Step 6**:
- Add \( \text{(NH}_4)_2\text{SO}_4 \) to form \( \text{BaSO}_4 (s) \).
- "You have \( \text{Ba}^{2+} \)" if \( \

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