Ionic Equilibrium
Chemical equilibrium and ionic equilibrium are two major concepts in chemistry. Ionic equilibrium deals with the equilibrium involved in an ionization process while chemical equilibrium deals with the equilibrium during a chemical change. Ionic equilibrium is established between the ions and unionized species in a system. Understanding the concept of ionic equilibrium is very important to answer the questions related to certain chemical reactions in chemistry.
Arrhenius Acid
Arrhenius acid act as a good electrolyte as it dissociates to its respective ions in the aqueous solutions. Keeping it similar to the general acid properties, Arrhenius acid also neutralizes bases and turns litmus paper into red.
Bronsted Lowry Base In Inorganic Chemistry
Bronsted-Lowry base in inorganic chemistry is any chemical substance that can accept a proton from the other chemical substance it is reacting with.
Use the information below to identify and explain the relationship between the basicity of the two nucleophiles and their nucleophilicities
![### Reaction Details:
The reaction presented is:
\[ \text{Nuc}^- + \text{CH}_3\text{I} \xrightarrow{\text{CH}_3\text{OH}, 25^\circ \text{C}} \text{Nuc-CH}_3 + \text{I}^- \]
### Table of Nucleophile Properties:
| Nucleophile Name | \( pK_a \) of Conjugate Acid | \( k \) (second order rate constant) \\
|------------------|-------------------------------|---------------------------------------|
| \( \text{I}^- \) | -10 | \( 3.4 \times 10^{-3} \, \text{M}^{-1} \cdot \text{s}^{-1} \) |
| \( \text{Cl}^- \) | -6 | \( 3.0 \times 10^{-6} \, \text{M}^{-1} \cdot \text{s}^{-1} \) |
### Explanation:
- **Nucleophile Name:** Represents the reactive species that donates an electron pair in the reaction.
- **\( pK_a \) of Conjugate Acid:** Indicates the strength of the conjugate acid; a lower \( pK_a \) suggests a stronger acid.
- **\( k \):** This is the second-order rate constant for the reaction, measured in \(\text{M}^{-1} \cdot \text{s}^{-1}\), indicating the rate at which the reaction proceeds with different nucleophiles.
In this case, iodide (\(\text{I}^-\)) is a more effective nucleophile than chloride (\(\text{Cl}^-\)) under the given conditions, as shown by the greater rate constant \( k \) for iodide.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F8cc4da3d-b98a-4b59-8ad6-754b41d863df%2Fb4c385b3-248a-4ee7-929f-8b06cc0fbd1e%2Fhfyfxsn_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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