Predict the products, propose mechanisms for the reactions of carboxylic acidderivatives with reducing agents, alcohols, amines, and organometallic reagentssuch as Grignard, organolithium, and organocuprate reagents
Predict the products, propose mechanisms for the reactions of
derivatives with reducing agents, alcohols,
such as Grignard, organolithium, and organocuprate reagents
Most of the carboxylic acids on reduction with reducing agents lead to the formation of primary alcohols. These reductions are normally carried out using a strong reducing agent, such as lithium aluminum hydride. Carboxylic acids are also reduced to alcohols in the presence of diborane. The carboxylic acid derivatives are also reduced by lithium aluminum hydride. The reaction and mechanism involved are as follows:
Carboxylic acids react with alcohols in the presence of an acid catalyst to form esters. This is known as the esterification reaction. The reaction of an acid and alcohol is shown below.
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