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Use bond energies to calculate the heat of reaction:

Use bond energies to calculate the heat of reaction:

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Use bond energies to calculate the heat of reaction:

Bond Enthalpy 
kJ
 
mol
C―N 305
C―O 358
C═O 745
C═O (in CO2) 799
O―H 467
N―H 391


 

This image depicts a chemical reaction between carbon dioxide (\( \text{CO}_2 \)) and ammonia (\( \text{NH}_3 \)) to form urea and water. Chemical Equation: \( \text{CO}_2 + 2\text{NH}_3} \rightarrow \text{H}_2\text{NCONH}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \) ### Description: - **Reactants:** - **Carbon Dioxide (CO₂):** Represented as \( \text{O}=\text{C}=\text{O} \), showing a molecule with one carbon atom double bonded to two oxygen atoms. - **Ammonia (NH₃):** Depicted as two molecules \( \text{N}(\text{H})(\text{H}) \text{H} \), showing a nitrogen atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms. - **Products:** - **Urea (H₂NCONH₂):** Illustrated as \( \text{H}_2\text{N}-\text{C(=O)N}-\text{H}_2 \), indicating a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom and single bonded to two nitrogen atoms, each with two hydrogens. - **Water (H₂O):** Shown as \( \text{H}-\text{O}-\text{H} \), representing a molecule with one oxygen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. ### Reaction Description: The arrow indicates the conversion of the reactants into products. This reaction synthesizes urea from carbon dioxide and ammonia, with water as a byproduct, showcasing the biochemical process relevant to the nitrogen cycle and industrial applications such as agricultural fertilizers.
Transcribed Image Text:This image depicts a chemical reaction between carbon dioxide (\( \text{CO}_2 \)) and ammonia (\( \text{NH}_3 \)) to form urea and water. Chemical Equation: \( \text{CO}_2 + 2\text{NH}_3} \rightarrow \text{H}_2\text{NCONH}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \) ### Description: - **Reactants:** - **Carbon Dioxide (CO₂):** Represented as \( \text{O}=\text{C}=\text{O} \), showing a molecule with one carbon atom double bonded to two oxygen atoms. - **Ammonia (NH₃):** Depicted as two molecules \( \text{N}(\text{H})(\text{H}) \text{H} \), showing a nitrogen atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms. - **Products:** - **Urea (H₂NCONH₂):** Illustrated as \( \text{H}_2\text{N}-\text{C(=O)N}-\text{H}_2 \), indicating a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom and single bonded to two nitrogen atoms, each with two hydrogens. - **Water (H₂O):** Shown as \( \text{H}-\text{O}-\text{H} \), representing a molecule with one oxygen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. ### Reaction Description: The arrow indicates the conversion of the reactants into products. This reaction synthesizes urea from carbon dioxide and ammonia, with water as a byproduct, showcasing the biochemical process relevant to the nitrogen cycle and industrial applications such as agricultural fertilizers.
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