Understand the filtering process at the glomerular capillaries. Does this require energy (ATP)? What substances should not pass from the blood to the filtrate? What are the 3 layers of filtration membranes?

Understand the filtering process at the glomerular capillaries. Does this require energy (ATP)? What substances should not pass from the blood to the filtrate? What are the 3 layers of filtration membranes?

Basic Clinical Laboratory Techniques 6E

6th Edition

ISBN:9781133893943

Author:ESTRIDGE

Publisher:ESTRIDGE

Chapter5: Urinalysis

Section5.2: Urine Collection And Processing

Problem 8RQ

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Figure 41.6 Which of the following statements about the nephron is false? The collecting duct empties into the distal convoluted tubule. The Bowman’s capsule surrounds the glomerulus. The loop of Henle is between the proximal and distal convoluted tubules. The loop of Henle empties into the distal convoluted tubule.
Blood pressure forces water and small solutes out of blood and into nephrons during ________. a. glomerular filtration c. tubular secretion b. tubular reabsorption d. both a and c
Which of the following does not contribute to the high salt concentration in the interstitial fluid of the kidney medulla? (a) active transport of sodium from the upper part of the ascending limb (b) diffusion of salt from the ascending limb of the loop of Henle (c) reabsorption of salt from various regions of Bowmans capsule (d) counterflow of fluid through the two limbs of the loop of Henle (e) diffusion of urea out of the collecting duct
As the text noted, two-thirds of the water and solutes that the body reclaims by reabsorption in nephrons occurs in the proximal tubule. Proximal tubule cells have large numbers of mitochondria and demand a great deal of oxygen. Explain why.
Fatty tissue holds the kidneys in place. Extremely rapid weight loss may cause this tissue to shrink so that the kidneys slip from their normal position. On rare occasions, the slippage can put a kink in one or both ureters and block urine flow. Suggest what might then happen to the kidneys.
Figure 41.8 Loop diuretics are drugs sometimes used to treat hypertension. These drugs inhibit the reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- ions by the ascending limb of the loop of Henle. A side effect is that they increase urination. Why do you think this is the case?
Why is excretion important in order to achieve osmotic balance?
How is the filtration that occurs in the glomerulus different from passive transport, active transport, or any form of membrane transport? 1. Filtration occurs between cells, not through them 2. Filtration only involves small substances, whereas membrane transport often deals with large substances 3. Filtration involves the movement of water, whereas passive transport doesn’t involve water movement
The medullary osmotic gradient exists between: Select one: The glomerulus and the Bowman’s capsule b. The proximal and distal convoluted tubules The peritubular capillaries and proximal convoluted tubule The peritubular capillaries and the collecting duct Successive layers of the renal medulla and the collecting duct
1. Site of filtrate formation? 2. The structure that conveys the processed filtrate (urine) to the renal pelvis? 3. Blood supply that directly receives substances from the tubular cells? 4. The primary site of tubular reabsorption? 5. Two substances thta are routinely found in filtrate but not in the urine product? 6. Which has greater specific gravity: 1 ml of urine or 1 ml of distilled water?
If urine/filtrate is hyperosmotic to the interstitial fluid, fluid would go from the interstitial fluid to the urine/filtrate. How does this conserve water? Wouldn’t this NOT conserve water but rather increase the amount of water that is excreted via urine?
Several pharmacological agents have been shown to lower the pressure of the filtrate inside the lumen of nephrons. What affect will this have? a hydrostatic pressure of fluid in the Bowman’s capsule increases, GFR increases b hydrostatic pressure of fluid in the Bowman’s capsule decreases, GFR decreases c hydrostatic pressure of fluid in the Bowman’s capsule increases, GFR decreases d hydrostatic pressure of fluid in the Bowman’s capsule decreases, GFR increases