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uestion: Why are compounds composed of integer ratios of elements? It’s because of the octet partially and it’s because ions form partially. Certain types of elements form ionic bonds. These are incomplete. Really it’s not until we combine the ideas of ions, the octet rule, what types of elements form ionic bonds, and Lewis dot structures with an actual model of electrons moving that also depicts the real mechanism of ionic bonding that we can thoroughly answer the question. The model of Rubidium oxide will help you answer the question above. Cite evidence from the model and the text. What do you see?

uestion: Why are compounds composed of integer ratios of elements? It’s because of the octet partially and it’s because ions form partially. Certain types of elements form ionic bonds. These are incomplete. Really it’s not until we combine the ideas of ions, the octet rule, what types of elements form ionic bonds, and Lewis dot structures with an actual model of electrons moving that also depicts the real mechanism of ionic bonding that we can thoroughly answer the question. The model of Rubidium oxide will help you answer the question above. Cite evidence from the model and the text. What do you see?

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Question: Why are compounds composed of integer ratios of elements? It’s because of the octet partially and it’s because ions form partially. Certain types of elements form ionic bonds. These are incomplete. Really it’s not until we combine the ideas of ions, the octet rule, what types of elements form ionic bonds, and Lewis dot structures with an actual model of electrons moving that also depicts the real mechanism of ionic bonding that we can thoroughly answer the question. The model of Rubidium oxide will help you answer the question above. Cite evidence from the model and the text. What do you see?
**The overall charge for the ionic compound must be neutral, which means the sum of the charges from the cations and anions should add up to zero.** We can use this rule to figure out the formula of an ionic compound when we know the charge on the anion and the cation. This rule can also be useful for deducing the charge of an ion when the chemical formula for the ionic compound is known. **Example: Write the chemical formula for calcium hydroxide (calcium and hydroxide).** Calcium is an alkaline earth metal in Group 2 on the periodic table, so it forms ions with a 2+ charge. From our table above, we know that hydroxide has the formula OH⁻. Because calcium needs to lose two valence electrons to satisfy the Octet Rule, and hydroxide can only take one valence electron, we will need two hydroxide ions to exactly cancel the 2+ charge on the Ca²⁺ ion. When writing out the formula, we include parentheses around OH followed by a subscript of 2, to make it clear that there are two hydroxide ions for every Ca²⁺ cation. Thus, the chemical formula for the compound is Ca(OH)₂.
Transcribed Image Text:**The overall charge for the ionic compound must be neutral, which means the sum of the charges from the cations and anions should add up to zero.** We can use this rule to figure out the formula of an ionic compound when we know the charge on the anion and the cation. This rule can also be useful for deducing the charge of an ion when the chemical formula for the ionic compound is known. **Example: Write the chemical formula for calcium hydroxide (calcium and hydroxide).** Calcium is an alkaline earth metal in Group 2 on the periodic table, so it forms ions with a 2+ charge. From our table above, we know that hydroxide has the formula OH⁻. Because calcium needs to lose two valence electrons to satisfy the Octet Rule, and hydroxide can only take one valence electron, we will need two hydroxide ions to exactly cancel the 2+ charge on the Ca²⁺ ion. When writing out the formula, we include parentheses around OH followed by a subscript of 2, to make it clear that there are two hydroxide ions for every Ca²⁺ cation. Thus, the chemical formula for the compound is Ca(OH)₂.
The image depicts the formation of the compound aluminum oxide, \( \text{Al}_2\text{O}_3 \). ### Diagram Explanation: 1. **Left Side**: - **Al Symbols**: Three "Al" (aluminum) symbols, each connected to "O" (oxygen) symbols on the right with arrows. This represents aluminum atoms participating in the formation of aluminum oxide. - **Red Dots**: These possibly represent electrons being shared or transferred in the chemical reaction. - **Arrows**: Indicate the movement of electrons or the process of bonding between Al and O. 2. **Right Side**: - Shows a simplified structure of aluminum oxide. - Consists of two "Al" symbols above and three "O" symbols stacked vertically. - The oxygen symbols have small marks or lines, possibly indicating charge or electron dots in a Lewis structure format. ### Chemical Reaction: The image summarizes the formation of \( \text{Al}_2\text{O}_3 \) through bonding interactions between aluminum and oxygen atoms, illustrating electron exchange or sharing in a chemical reaction.
Transcribed Image Text:The image depicts the formation of the compound aluminum oxide, \( \text{Al}_2\text{O}_3 \). ### Diagram Explanation: 1. **Left Side**: - **Al Symbols**: Three "Al" (aluminum) symbols, each connected to "O" (oxygen) symbols on the right with arrows. This represents aluminum atoms participating in the formation of aluminum oxide. - **Red Dots**: These possibly represent electrons being shared or transferred in the chemical reaction. - **Arrows**: Indicate the movement of electrons or the process of bonding between Al and O. 2. **Right Side**: - Shows a simplified structure of aluminum oxide. - Consists of two "Al" symbols above and three "O" symbols stacked vertically. - The oxygen symbols have small marks or lines, possibly indicating charge or electron dots in a Lewis structure format. ### Chemical Reaction: The image summarizes the formation of \( \text{Al}_2\text{O}_3 \) through bonding interactions between aluminum and oxygen atoms, illustrating electron exchange or sharing in a chemical reaction.
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