Two variables are said to interact when
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- The question is…are pre and post shows a dependent test or an independent test? Explain why.How would you interpret these results? 1. The effect of gender caused different levels of Stroop tas performance at different ages. 2. The effect of age caused different levels of Stroop task performance in men than women. 3. The interaction between gender and age did not affect Stroop task performance. 4. a and b 5. None of the above.If when measuring two quantitative variables on an individual, we find that increases in the first variable x correspond to decreases in the second variable y, we say that A. there is a positive association between the two variables. b. there is a negative association between the two variables. c. there is no correlation between the two variables. d. there is a cause-and-effect relationship between the two variables.
- Does "correlation imply causation"? Give one example in which a variable X ispositively correlated with another variable Y, but we cannot deduce that X causes Y.Two separate tests are designed to measure a student's ability to solve problems. Several students are randomly selected to take both tests and the results are shown below. Test A (x) 43 65 73 34 99 78 65 Test B (y) 39 60 62 20 85 70 54 1. Calculate r, the linear correlation coefficient. Identify the values for each part below. Part a. The value of n Part b. The sum of the x-values Part c. The sum of the y-values Part d. The sum of the x-squared values Part e. The sum of the y-squared values Part f. The sum of the (xy) values Part g. The final value of r rounded top three decimal places2. A researcher had rats engage in a lever-press task for either a small, medium, or larger reward. The number of lever presses was the dependent variable. The data were as follows: Reward Size Small Medium Large 1 4 6 4 3 5 1 4 4 2 5 T = 13 SS = 2.75 T= 6 T= 20 SS = 9 SS = 2 EX2 = 165 a. Do the data indicate that reward size had a significant impact on lever-pressing? Use the hypothesis testing steps & p = .05. Compute any necessary post-hoc tests. b. Compute eta-squared to measure the effect size.
- . Differentiate between correlation vs. causation. When two variables are correlated (such as strength and running speed), they are associated with one another. Explain how, even if there is a correlation between the two, one might not cause the other. Provide an example of an association between variables where a causal relationship makes sense conceptually. Why can't correlations be used as a tool to prove a causal relationship between variables rather than just an association?A psychologist has calculated the correlation between two variables as 0.9. Which of the following statements is correct? a. The average value of y changes by 0.9 when x is increased by 1. b. The average value of x changes by 0.9 when y is increased by 1. c. The explanatory variable ( x ) explains 0.9 of the variation in the response variable ( y ) d. The explanatory variable ( x ) explains 0.81 of the variation in the response variable ( y )When the values of x tend to increase while the values of y tend to decrease; we say that: Answer choices: a. there is a cause-and-effect relationship between the two variables. b. there is a negative correlation between the variables. c. there is no correlation between the two variables.
- You are given the following data, where X1X1 (final percentage in math class) and X2X2 (number of absences) are used to predict YY (standardized math test score in fifth grade): YY X1X1 X2X2 375 88 3 480 98 0 310 61 5 450 89 1 345 70 3 410 72 1 465 92 2 350 70 3 370 75 4 390 80 1 420 80 2 350 78 3 415 95 2 Determine the following multiple regression values.Report intercept and slopes for regression equation accurate to 3 decimal places: Intercept: a= Partial slope X1X1: b1= Partial slope X2X2: b2= Report sum of squares accurate to 3 decimal places: SSreg= SSTotal= Test the significance of the overall regression model (report F-ratio accurate to 3 decimal places and P-value accurate to 4 decimal places): F-ratio = P-value = Report the variance of the residuals accurate to 3 decimal places: MSres= Report the results for the hypothesis test for the significance of the partial slope for number of absences…In an experiment, the purpose for manipulating the independent variable is to help? A. Establish the direction of the relationship by showing that the dependent variable changes when you manipulate the independent variable B. Ensure that any effects of selection or other randomization failures are minimized C. Establish the direction of the relationship and help eliminate the third variable problem D. Eliminate the third variable problem because you decide when to manipulate rather than waiting for the variable to changeA national consumer magazine reported the following correlations. The correlation between car weight and car reliability is - 0.30. . The correlation between car weight and annual maintenance cost is 0.20. Which of the following statements are true? I. Heavier cars tend to be less reliable. II. Heavier cars tend to cost more to maintain. III. Car weight is related more strongly to reliability than to maintenance cost. (A) I only (B) II only (C) III only (D) I and II only (E) I, II, and III
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