Two-stage softening: A water with the ionic characteristics shown below is to be softened by the lime-soda-ash-excess-lime process. The lime used is (85 %) pure and the soda ash is (85 %) pure And a flow of (5x10³. m³/d), Calculate ? 1- Draw the treatment units scheme 2- Calculate the (SO42) Concentration in mg/L unit? 3- Calculate the required chemical quantities in (meq/L) unit.? 4- Draw a bar diagram of the finished water.? 5- Calculate The Total Hardness in mg/L Unit? Element Concentration (mg/L) Atomic Mass CO₂ 6.6 44 Ca+2 Hardness 90 mg/L as (CaCO3) 40 Mg¹2 Hardness Na+1 37.5 mg/L as 19.55 (CaCO3) 24.3 23 Alkalinity HCO3-¹ 62.5 mg/L as (CaCO3) 61 SO4² ? 96 CH¹ 42.6 35.5 K+¹ 13.685 39.1

Two-stage softening: A water with the ionic characteristics shown below is to be softened by the lime-soda-ash-excess-lime process. The lime used is (85 %) pure and the soda ash is (85 %) pure And a flow of (5x10³. m³/d), Calculate ? 1- Draw the treatment units scheme 2- Calculate the (SO42) Concentration in mg/L unit? 3- Calculate the required chemical quantities in (meq/L) unit.? 4- Draw a bar diagram of the finished water.? 5- Calculate The Total Hardness in mg/L Unit? Element Concentration (mg/L) Atomic Mass CO₂ 6.6 44 Ca+2 Hardness 90 mg/L as (CaCO3) 40 Mg¹2 Hardness Na+1 37.5 mg/L as 19.55 (CaCO3) 24.3 23 Alkalinity HCO3-¹ 62.5 mg/L as (CaCO3) 61 SO4² ? 96 CH¹ 42.6 35.5 K+¹ 13.685 39.1

Structural Analysis

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337630931

Author:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Publisher:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Chapter2: Loads On Structures

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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4. Lime and soda process is to be designed for the water analysis presented below, The quantity of water to be treated is 12 MGD. Estimate the total hardness, carbonate hardness and non-carbonate hardness. Determine the amount of lime and soda to soften the water to a final hardness of 95 moA as CaCO, Estimate the annual cost of softening if the cost of dry lime (CaO) is a dime per kilogram and cost of soda ash (Na-CO,) is 20 cents per kilogram (assume both compounds to be 90% pure). (AW: Ca-40, Mg-24.3, Na-23, C-12,0-16) acl Constituent mgl mg/las C&CO, Ca 12 Alkalinity CO2 150 Show transcribed image text
A lime-soda softening plant treats a flow of 150 MGD, and the water has a hardness of 225 mg/ℓ as CaCO3, an alkalinity of 178 mg/ℓ as CaCO3, a Mg+2 ion content of 39 mg/ℓ, and 4 mg/ℓ of CO2. The commercial grade of quicklime has a purity of 85%, and the soda ash has a purity of 95%. Determine a. The pounds of quicklime and soda ash required per million gallons. b. The tons of quicklime and soda ash required per month if a month is considered to be 30 days.
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