Two 1kN resistors are connected in series from point A to point B; their junction is labelled C. Two more resistors are connected in series from A to B; their junction is labelled D. A to D is a 1 kN resistor while D to B is an unknown resistor R. A galvanometer is then connected between C and D, and a battery is connected across A and B. Finally, a potentiometer consisting of a 20 cm length of high-resistance wire, 25 kNm-1, with a sliding contact is connected, the bottom of the wire to B and the slider to D, in parallel to R. When the slider is 8 cm from the bottom, the galvanometer reads zero. i) Draw the circuit diagram. ii) Calculate the value of the unknown resistor R.

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Analog to Digital Converters

The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) allows circuits controlled by microprocessors, Arduinos, Raspberry Pi, and various reasonable digital circuits to be connected to the real world. In the real world, analog signals have a continuous stream of information from a variety of sources and sensors capable of measuring sound, light, temperature, or movement, in addition to the many digital systems that interact with their environment by measuring analog signals from those transducers.