TRUE or FALSE: 1. Adaptive radiation may occur when numerous invasions and allopatric speciation takes place on an island chain. 2. According to advocates of the punctuated equilibrium theory, evolution is punctuated by times of mass extinctions and the evolution of new species. 3. Gametic isolation is a hybrid breakdown isolating mechanism.

TRUE or FALSE: 1. Adaptive radiation may occur when numerous invasions and allopatric speciation takes place on an island chain. 2. According to advocates of the punctuated equilibrium theory, evolution is punctuated by times of mass extinctions and the evolution of new species. 3. Gametic isolation is a hybrid breakdown isolating mechanism.

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter20: Speciation And Macroevolution

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4TYU: The first step leading to allopatric speciation is (a) hybrid inviability (b) hybrid breakdown (c)...

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1. Define speciation 2. What is gradualism? 3. How would mutualism affect the success of a population? 4. What is convergent evolution and why would it happen? Answer 1-4
II. Matching Type Directions: Match Column A with the correct answers in Column B by writing the number of your answers before the letter. Column A Column B a. A process in which new species form 1. Thomas Malthus b. Authored the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection 2. Hybrid sterility c. It occurs when a hybrid develops, matures but fails to reproduce 3. Pre-mating isolating mechanism d. States that increasing human population limits 4. Jean Baptiste Lamarck resources e. Species will not mate due to different mating 5. Temporal isolation seasons 6. Speciation f. Sought pieces of evidence for the idea of uniformitarianism 7. Charles Darwin g. It occurs when organisms from the same population and habitat differentiate into two or more species h. It prevents members of different species from mating 8. Sympatric speciation 9. Charles Lyell i. Proposed the inheritance of acquired characteristics as an idea of evolution
2. Reproductive isolation reduces gene flow between populations. This means that each subpopulation evolves separately and can result in a new species. Isolating mechanisms fall into the following categories. For each category, identify which example(s) from the chart above matches it. Reproductive Isolation: physiology prevents mating or producing fertile offspring Ex. Shape or reproductive organs not compatible. Temporal individuals mate at different times of year. Example: frogs that mate in May versus those that mate in July Isolation: timing isolation, Behavioral Isolation: behaviors prevent mating, Example: Birds recognize mates by songs or dance
Multiple choice quection. 1. Choose the correct option from the below sentence and also provide the explanation of each option given geographicaly overlapping populations that produce hybrid offspring with low relative fitness may be undergoing a. clinal isolation b. sympatric speciation c. allopatric speciation d. reinforceent e. geographical isolation 2. If two species of holly (genus ilex ) flower during different months their gene pools may be kept seprated by a. mechanical isolation b. ecological isolation c. gametic isolation d. temporal isolation e. behavioral isolation
1. What is speciation? 2. What is a “hybrid zone”? 3. What postzygotic barriers are often found in hybrid zones that result in a lack of species fusion? 4. What are the differences among the three possible outcomes for hybrids over time: reinforcement, fusion, and stability?
1. Anagenesis (non-branching speciation), in which the ancestral and descendant populations do not co- exist in time, but might have occupied the same geographic area, is thought to have occurred in the case: A. of the evolution of several Hawaiian honeycreepers from a single Asian migratory species B. of the evolution of the polar bear Ursus arctos maritimus from the brown bear in Kamchatka C. of the evolution of 13 Galapagos finches from a single South American migratory species D. of the evolution of the proto-horse Merychippus from the near-horse Parahippus on prairies E. of the evolution of the arctic fox from the swift fox in tundra regions of North America
1. In island radiations we often see the following pattern: similar forms found in different species living in similar habitats on different islands. This pattern raises the question: did the form evolve once on a single island in a single species and then spread to multiple islands by dispersal (let’s call this the “dispersal model”)? Or did a single species first disperse to different islands, then ecologically adapt to the many different environments on each (let’s call this the “convergence model”)? A phylogeny can help us identify which of these processes is at play. Considering the three traits shown on this tree, which model appears to have more support: the dispersal model or the convergence model? Explain how you arrived at this conclusion.
33. Sympatric speciation differs from allopatric speciation in that sympatric speciation Group of answer choices is far more common than allopatric speciation requires geographic isolation in order to occur does not involve geographic isolation involves a reduction in gene flow between discrete groups of individuals belonging to the same species
THIS QUESTION WILL SHOW UP ON YOUR EXAM E: Let's talk about speciation! 1. What is the definition of a species? 2. Is the creation of a new species a type of micro-evolution or macro-evolution? 3. Describe 2 prezygotic barriers that can lead to speciation. For each barrier, include an example (these can be real or made up) and identify if this barrier is allopatric or sympatric.
1. Explain how a phenotype can increase, decrease, or have no effect on an organisms fitness. 2. Explain what would happen if a particular hair color suddenly gave an advantage under existing environmental conditions. 3. What components in an environment may be different on either side of the barrier? 4. What does the term "reproductive isolation" refer to? 5. Can you hypothesize how three organisms can have similar structures, yet they serve different functions? 6. It would seem that wisdom teeth no longer serve a purpose. Can you propose what purpose they served earlier in our evolution? 7. Explain why the pharyngeal slit becomes the Eustachian tube in humans and a gill in fish.
Vertical 11 1. Involves the formation of new species from pre-existing species. 8 3. Group of organisms that are capable of producing viable and fertile offspring 5. A mechanism that keeps species from mating with other. 7. it means "beside" 13 9. offspring of parents that differ in genetically determined traits. 12 11. Incapable of producing offspring 13. In temporal or seasonal isolation the reproduction is prevented by 10 15 14 Horlzontal 2. The role or the organism in the environment 4. It means "Place" 6. _itself is not only the mechanism of change overtime but it reduce the gene flow 8. Prevents the Fertilization of the eggs 10. An isolation wherein there's a differences in reproductive organs prevent successful Interbreeding. 12. It means "near" 14. Prevents the formation of fertile offspring 15. Formation of new species from the hybridization of 2 different species
3. Can the populations make hybrid offspring? Is there evidence that individuals from the popula- tions interbreed to make hybrid offspring? If so, are the offspring plentiful, healthy, and able to reproduce? Example: Lions and tigers don't normally mate in nature, but in captivity they sometimes produce hybrid offspring. These offspring are rare, short-lived, and unable to reproduce. Evidence: Healthy offspring Offspring are rare or less likely to reproduce No Consider the evidence together. Do you think the populations make healthy hybrid offspring? offspring N/A 1 2 3 4 5