Treatment Sham Researchers conducted a study to determine whether magnets are effective in treating back pain. The results are shown in the table for the treatment (with magnets) group and the sham (or placebo) group. The results are a measure of reduction in back pain. Assume that the two samples are independent simple random samples selected from normally distributed populations, and do not assume that the population standard deviations are equal. Complete parts (a) and (b) below. H2 n 25 25 0.53 0.46 0.93 1.01 OC. Ho: H1 = H2 O D. Ho: H1 # H2 H: H1

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Researchers conducted a study to determine whether magnets are effective in treating back pain. The results compare a treatment group (with magnets) and a sham (or placebo) group. Reduction in back pain is the dependent measure. Assume independent, normally distributed populations with unequal standard deviations.

### Data Summary
- **Sample sizes (\(n\)):** 25 for each group
- **Mean reduction (\(\bar{x}\)):**
  - Treatment (\(\mu_1\)): 0.53
  - Sham (\(\mu_2\)): 0.46
- **Standard deviations (\(s\)):**
  - Treatment: 0.93
  - Sham: 1.01

### Hypotheses
**Option C:**  
\(H_0: \mu_1 = \mu_2\)  
\(H_1: \mu_1 \neq \mu_2\)  

**Option D:**  
\(H_0: \mu_1 \geq \mu_2\)  
\(H_1: \mu_1 < \mu_2\)  

### Test Criteria
- **Test statistic (t):** [Blank for user input, round to two decimal places]
- **P-value:** [Blank for user input, round to three decimal places]

### Conclusion
User selection is required to determine if the null hypothesis is rejected. Assess whether there is sufficient evidence to claim that the treatment group shows a greater mean reduction.

### Argument Validity
To evaluate effectiveness at larger sample sizes, compare means:
- If the mean for the treatment group is [blank for input], assess the validity of the larger sample argument.

### Confidence Interval
Formulate an interval to test the hypothesis:
\[ < \mu_1 - \mu_2 < \]  
\( ( \text{Blank for user input}, \text{round to three decimal places} )\)

Please ensure you complete your answers and calculations as required.
Transcribed Image Text:Researchers conducted a study to determine whether magnets are effective in treating back pain. The results compare a treatment group (with magnets) and a sham (or placebo) group. Reduction in back pain is the dependent measure. Assume independent, normally distributed populations with unequal standard deviations. ### Data Summary - **Sample sizes (\(n\)):** 25 for each group - **Mean reduction (\(\bar{x}\)):** - Treatment (\(\mu_1\)): 0.53 - Sham (\(\mu_2\)): 0.46 - **Standard deviations (\(s\)):** - Treatment: 0.93 - Sham: 1.01 ### Hypotheses **Option C:** \(H_0: \mu_1 = \mu_2\) \(H_1: \mu_1 \neq \mu_2\) **Option D:** \(H_0: \mu_1 \geq \mu_2\) \(H_1: \mu_1 < \mu_2\) ### Test Criteria - **Test statistic (t):** [Blank for user input, round to two decimal places] - **P-value:** [Blank for user input, round to three decimal places] ### Conclusion User selection is required to determine if the null hypothesis is rejected. Assess whether there is sufficient evidence to claim that the treatment group shows a greater mean reduction. ### Argument Validity To evaluate effectiveness at larger sample sizes, compare means: - If the mean for the treatment group is [blank for input], assess the validity of the larger sample argument. ### Confidence Interval Formulate an interval to test the hypothesis: \[ < \mu_1 - \mu_2 < \] \( ( \text{Blank for user input}, \text{round to three decimal places} )\) Please ensure you complete your answers and calculations as required.
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