Traditional vaccines may not work for COVID-19 because the antibodies produced in response to the immunization might not recognize the virus spikes in the future. What virulence factor would cause this? production of exotoxins by the virus O presence of superantigens O production of exoenzymes by the virus O antigenic variation by the vinus

Traditional vaccines may not work for COVID-19 because the antibodies produced in response to the immunization might not recognize the virus spikes in the future. What virulence factor would cause this? production of exotoxins by the virus O presence of superantigens O production of exoenzymes by the virus O antigenic variation by the vinus

Principles Of Pharmacology Med Assist

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337512442

Author:RICE

Publisher:RICE

Chapter16: Antifungal, Antiviral, And Immunizing Agents

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 25RQ

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Question 2 Clinical studies showed that zinc significantly shortens the duration of symptoms during rhinovirus. Link e. Zinc is O atrace mineral. O a macromineral. an essential amino acid. an essential fatty acid. O a vitamin.
Answer the following and inlcude the references SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes CoVid-19, belongs to the Coronaviridae family. Viruses under this family have a genome made of single-stranded positive-sense RNA. Is this similar to the viral genome of HIV? If so, do you think that – in theory – they would have similar replication cycles? Do you think that ART combinations/options might help in suppressing the viral replication of SARS-CoV-2? Expound.
Mc 8 eBook References paragraph. Inoculated attenuated Sabin vaccination Salk Inactivated multiply three revert two prophylaxis infantile paralysis myasthenia gravis Poliomyelitis 00000000000 Drag the text blocks below into their correct order. In contrast, oral polio vaccine (OPV), developed by an in the 1960s, contains virus and can be easily administered by mouth making it useful still in polio eradication programs in developing countries today. OPV poses many risks, however, such as the attenuated virus can people and spread to others or it can making this vaccine virtually unusable in the U.S. today. In the past, this disease often affected small children and was called poliovirus vaccine was developed by in 1954 and is now the form used for all U.S. childhood vaccinations due to its low risk to individuals being vaccinated. in vaccinated to a neurovirulent strain causing disease, neuromuscular paralysis. There are against polio. is an acute enteroviral infection of the spinal…
Papillomavirus QUESTION 39 ... In 2007, a Japanese scientist determined that pluripotent cells could be induced by. Introducing 4 regulatory genes into a fully differentiated cell Culturing stem cells in nutrient rich agar under different conditions Using a retrovirus to turn stem cells into progenitor cells Replacing non-reproducing stem cells with reproducing ones None of the above QUESTION 40 Fapsids are made of,,
Please answer with yes or no with correcting the falte statement. Felline to cottart the will cost the whole statements mark, 60) In case of human circovirus, in order to reduce mRNA for theit.D heel iD use two viral enzymies, one of them is the viral RNA dependent RNA polymerato they 61) In case of RNA viruses like orthomyxoviruses, the need to replicate in the nucleus in order to do the cep snatching. During replication the RNA polymerase will produce antigenomic copy in which this antiginomic copy will act as a template to produce the genomic RNA. The genomic RNA is the template for producing the proteins, and they are two raunds of transitions, in the firs round only fin polymerase is produced and in the second round only structure proteins are produced 62) In case of RNA viruses like Foot and mouth disuse virus, they need to replicate in the cyteplasm in order to produce RNA polymerase. During replication, the RNA polymerase will produce antigenomic copy in which this antigenomic…
answer doesn't have to be long i just need an explanation, thank you! The whole world right now is concerned (or they should be) about the appearance of new variants of SARS-CoV-2. Among other things, these variant viruses have mutations that change the amino acid sequence of the spike protein on the virus surface. While this is concerning, I would like to propose that there is a limit to how far these mutations can change the spike protein. Why can't there be an endless number of new mutations of this viral protein? How would these amino acid changes affect how the virus works?
Indicate whether the following sentences is either True or False and CORRECT the wrong sentences ( please answer the two questions 1 and 2) : 1. Simian Virus 40 (SV40) is an example of is a circular ssDNA belong to Polyomavirus, was first isolated from primary cell cultures derived from rhesus monkey kidneys, and activates p53. 2. SARS-COV-2 is an enveloped, icosahedral virus that is surrounded by a lipid bilayer and causes COVID-19 pandemic .
Please answer with yes or no with correcting the falte statement. Felline to cottart the will cost the whole statements mark, 56) Prionsare small circular RNA Viruses, those viruses don't have capsid and they can't replicate in their own. They need & helper virus like hepatitis If virus to replicate 57) Car receptor can act as a receptor for multiple viruses, like adenoviruses and Herpesviruses. 58) For infiuenza viruses they enter the host cell via Clathrien-coated pits endocytosis; in which the cell receptors will be digested by the lysozyme enzymes 59) Uncosting is the removal of the outer capsid in order to release the genome to start the viral replication, In case of adenovirus the uncoalo appen.. membrane
Viruses can easily mutate exchange genetic material, mechanisms referred to as antigenic drift and antigenic shift. These changes allow the virus to evade the immune system defenses. Match each term with the correct definition Antigenic drift [ Choose ] [Choose ] Different strains of a virus or strain of different viruses, combine and form a new strain that now has a mixture of the surface antigens Antigenic shift The virus changes genetically by accumulating mutations within the genes that code for antibody-binding sites
Aside from antibody-producing vaccines against spike proteins, describe or gicve at least 2 other therapeutic strategies that employ knowledge of pathways allowing viral entry into cells and/or mechanisms preventing replication of new viral particles after entry. 1. 2.
All of the following represent characteristic(s) of the adaptive immune system EXCEPT: O Populations of specific lymphocytes O Recognition of specific antigens/epitopes OLag time that is associated with illness All of the answers apply, no exception O Binding of pathogen with toll like receptors (TLRS) O Primary and secondary responses
15 16 The following graph shows a response to COVID-19. Source: What does this graph best demonstrate? A. B. C. D. A. B. C. Viral load D Innate https://www.cell.com/cell/pdf/S0092-8674(21)00007-6.pdf The response of a non-vaccinated person The response to a vaccine for COVID-19 The first and second exposure to COVID-19 The second exposure to COVID-19 Part Which of the following correctly identifies a part of the human ear and its function? Severe disease Tympanic membrane Auditory nerve Organ of Corti Semicircular canals Adaptive Antibodies T cells Function Receives vibrations from the ossicles and passes them on to the cochlea Transfers sound vibrations to the temporal lobe of the brain for processing Converts vibrations in the fluid of the cochlea into electrochemical signals Transfers vibrations from the ossicles to the cochlea