total population of District Peshawar in 2017=  4269079 which include, Urban = 1970042  and rural = 2299037 Average annual growth rate is 3.99 from 1998 to 2017. Use 8 percent growth rate for Urban population alone. Question:   Calculate the future population of the District Peshawar in 2030. Use the formula P f = P i *(1+r) t Calculate the future urban population of Peshawar in 2030. Use the formula given above.

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Quantity takeoff

Quantity takeoffs (QTO) are precise estimates of the materials and labor costs required to finish a construction project. During the pre-construction phase, an estimator prepares them, breaking down the project into smaller, more manageable parts that are easier to evaluate. These measurements are used to prepare a construction scope bid. Estimators examine the drawings, specifications, and models to figure out different quantities and their costs. Since, the components, their quantity, and price are all included in the model, quantity take-off can be done automatically using Building Information Modelling (BIM). The time taken for completing a construction project can be reduced by the use of quantity takeoff. These takeoffs are also called material takeoffs and construction takeoffs.