Total plasma volume is important in determining the required plasma component in blood replacement therapy for a person undergoing surgery. Plasma volume is influenced by the overall health and physical activity of an individual. Suppose that a random sample of 44 male firefighters are tested and that they have a plasma volume sample mean of x = 37.5 ml/kg (milliliters plasma per kilogram body weight). Assume that ? = 7.50 ml/kg for the distribution of blood plasma.   a) When finding an 99% confidence interval, what is the critical value for confidence level? (Give your answer to two decimal places.) zc =   b) Find a 99% confidence interval for the population mean blood plasma volume in male firefighters. What is the margin of error? (Round your answers to two decimal places.) lower limit= upper limit= margin of error=   c) Find the sample size necessary for a 99% confidence level with maximal margin of error E = 2.50 for the mean plasma volume in male firefighters. (Round up to the nearest whole number.)  _______ male firefighters

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Estimation

A new framework of data analysis where the new statistical methods are used for interpreting the results and analyzing the data is known as estimation in statistics.