TOT E. coli TCTTIIICTT тТАСTTTTTT AтСATGGGAG CCТАСТТССС GTTTTTCCCG K. pneumoniae TCIIIIICII IACTATIIC ATTAIGICAG CCTACTIICC TIIIIIICCG 201 250 ATTIGGCTAC ATGACATCAA CCATAICAGC AAAAGTGATA CGGGTAITAI GIGTGGC TGG CGGAAGTTAA CCATITAACC AAAACCGAGA CGGGTAITAI (a) A comparison of DNA sequences in a portion of the lacY gene from E. coli and K. pneumoniae Ancestral lacY gene FIGURE 24.9 The origin of homologous lac Y genes in Ancestral Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. (a) A comparison of the DNA sequences of a short region of the lacY gene from E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Bases that differ between the two genes are shown in red. (b) This figure emphasizes a single gene within an ancestral organism. During evolution, the ancestral organism diverged into many different species, including E. coli and K. pneumoniae. After this divergence, the lacY gene in the two species accumulated mutations, yielding lacY genes with somewhat different sequences. Genes-Traits After two species diverge evolutionarily, their genes accumulate different random mutations. This example concerns the lacY gene, which en- codes lactose permease. In both species, the function of lactose permease is to transport lactose into the cell. The lacY gene in these two species has ac- cumulated different mutations that alter the amino acid sequence of the pro- tein. Researchers have determined that these two species transport lactose at significantly different rates. Therefore, the changes in gene sequences have affected the ability of these two species to transport lactose. CONCEPT CHECK: Explain why the sequences of these two genes are similar to each other but not identical. organism Evolutionary separation of 2 (or more) distinct species E. coli K. pneumoniae lacY gene lacY gene Accumulation of random mutations in the 2 genes lacY gene lacY gene The seientifie eemmunity has collected genetic information- frem thousands of research labs and created-several large deta- þases. Table 24.4 describes some of the major genetic databases Mutation Mutation (b) The formation of homologous genes in two species, known as orthologs in use wiriwir These datakAS enable Parchers to access
TOT E. coli TCTTIIICTT тТАСTTTTTT AтСATGGGAG CCТАСТТССС GTTTTTCCCG K. pneumoniae TCIIIIICII IACTATIIC ATTAIGICAG CCTACTIICC TIIIIIICCG 201 250 ATTIGGCTAC ATGACATCAA CCATAICAGC AAAAGTGATA CGGGTAITAI GIGTGGC TGG CGGAAGTTAA CCATITAACC AAAACCGAGA CGGGTAITAI (a) A comparison of DNA sequences in a portion of the lacY gene from E. coli and K. pneumoniae Ancestral lacY gene FIGURE 24.9 The origin of homologous lac Y genes in Ancestral Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. (a) A comparison of the DNA sequences of a short region of the lacY gene from E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Bases that differ between the two genes are shown in red. (b) This figure emphasizes a single gene within an ancestral organism. During evolution, the ancestral organism diverged into many different species, including E. coli and K. pneumoniae. After this divergence, the lacY gene in the two species accumulated mutations, yielding lacY genes with somewhat different sequences. Genes-Traits After two species diverge evolutionarily, their genes accumulate different random mutations. This example concerns the lacY gene, which en- codes lactose permease. In both species, the function of lactose permease is to transport lactose into the cell. The lacY gene in these two species has ac- cumulated different mutations that alter the amino acid sequence of the pro- tein. Researchers have determined that these two species transport lactose at significantly different rates. Therefore, the changes in gene sequences have affected the ability of these two species to transport lactose. CONCEPT CHECK: Explain why the sequences of these two genes are similar to each other but not identical. organism Evolutionary separation of 2 (or more) distinct species E. coli K. pneumoniae lacY gene lacY gene Accumulation of random mutations in the 2 genes lacY gene lacY gene The seientifie eemmunity has collected genetic information- frem thousands of research labs and created-several large deta- þases. Table 24.4 describes some of the major genetic databases Mutation Mutation (b) The formation of homologous genes in two species, known as orthologs in use wiriwir These datakAS enable Parchers to access
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
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Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
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Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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Question
Explain why the sequences of these two genes are similar to each other but not identical.
Transcribed Image Text:TOT
E. coli
TCTTIIICTT тТАСTTTTTT AтСATGGGAG CCТАСТТССС GTTTTTCCCG
K. pneumoniae TCIIIIICII IACTATIIC ATTAIGICAG CCTACTIICC TIIIIIICCG
201
250
ATTIGGCTAC ATGACATCAA CCATAICAGC AAAAGTGATA CGGGTAITAI
GIGTGGC TGG CGGAAGTTAA CCATITAACC AAAACCGAGA CGGGTAITAI
(a) A comparison of DNA sequences in a portion of the lacY gene from E. coli and K. pneumoniae
Ancestral lacY gene
FIGURE 24.9 The origin of homologous lac Y genes in
Ancestral
Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. (a) A comparison of
the DNA sequences of a short region of the lacY gene from E. coli
and K. pneumoniae. Bases that differ between the two genes are shown
in red. (b) This figure emphasizes a single gene within an ancestral
organism. During evolution, the ancestral organism diverged into
many different species, including E. coli and K. pneumoniae. After
this divergence, the lacY gene in the two species accumulated mutations,
yielding lacY genes with somewhat different sequences.
Genes-Traits After two species diverge evolutionarily, their genes accumulate
different random mutations. This example concerns the lacY gene, which en-
codes lactose permease. In both species, the function of lactose permease is
to transport lactose into the cell. The lacY gene in these two species has ac-
cumulated different mutations that alter the amino acid sequence of the pro-
tein. Researchers have determined that these two species transport lactose at
significantly different rates. Therefore, the changes in gene sequences have
affected the ability of these two species to transport lactose.
CONCEPT CHECK: Explain why the sequences of these two genes are
similar to each other but not identical.
organism
Evolutionary separation
of 2 (or more)
distinct species
E. coli
K. pneumoniae
lacY gene
lacY gene
Accumulation of
random mutations
in the 2 genes
lacY gene
lacY gene
The seientifie eemmunity has collected genetic information-
frem thousands of research labs and created-several large deta-
þases. Table 24.4 describes some of the major genetic databases
Mutation
Mutation
(b) The formation of homologous genes in two species,
known as orthologs
in use wiriwir These datakAS enable Parchers to access
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