Reactive Intermediates
In chemistry, reactive intermediates are termed as short-lived, highly reactive atoms with high energy. They rapidly transform into stable particles during a chemical reaction. In specific cases, by means of matrix isolation and at low-temperature reactive intermediates can be isolated.
Hydride Shift
A hydride shift is a rearrangement of a hydrogen atom in a carbocation that occurs to make the molecule more stable. In organic chemistry, rearrangement of the carbocation is very easily seen. This rearrangement can be because of the movement of a carbocation to attain stability in the compound. Such structural reorganization movement is called a shift within molecules. After the shifting of carbocation over the different carbon then they form structural isomers of the previous existing molecule.
Vinylic Carbocation
A carbocation where the positive charge is on the alkene carbon is known as the vinyl carbocation or vinyl cation. The empirical formula for vinyl cation is C2H3+. In the vinyl carbocation, the positive charge is on the carbon atom with the double bond therefore it is sp hybridized. It is known to be a part of various reactions, for example, electrophilic addition of alkynes and solvolysis as well. It plays the role of a reactive intermediate in these reactions.
Cycloheptatrienyl Cation
It is an aromatic carbocation having a general formula, [C7 H7]+. It is also known as the aromatic tropylium ion. Its name is derived from the molecule tropine, which is a seven membered carbon atom ring. Cycloheptatriene or tropylidene was first synthesized from tropine.
Stability of Vinyl Carbocation
Carbocations are positively charged carbon atoms. It is also known as a carbonium ion.
ONLY USE THINGS LEARNED IN ORGANIC CHEM 1
Show stepwise mechanism by pushing arrows (Fishhook) and drawing all intermediates: Draw a detailed mechanism for the addition of HBr to 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene in the presence of dimethylperoxide. Show and label all steps including initiation, propagation and termination.
![**Alkene Hydrohalogenation Reaction**
In the provided image, we can observe an example of an electrophilic addition reaction, specifically the hydrohalogenation of an alkene.
**Chemical Equation:**
\[ \mathrm{CH_2=CH-CH_3 + HBr \rightarrow CH_3-CH(Br)-CH_3} \]
- **Starting Material:** The left side of the image showcases an alkene with the molecular formula \(\mathrm{CH_2=CH-CH_3}\). Alkenes are hydrocarbons that feature a carbon-carbon double bond.
- **Reagent:** An \( \mathrm{HBr} \) molecule is shown as the reagent. Hydrohalogenation involves the addition of a hydrogen halide (in this case, hydrogen bromide) to an alkene, resulting in the formation of a haloalkane (alkyl halide).
- **Mechanism and Product:** The reaction proceeds with the double bond being broken and an addition of hydrogen and bromine atoms across the former double bond. The product formed is shown on the right side of the arrow. The final product is a bromoalkane where the bromine atom is added to the carbon with the greater number of hydrogen atoms (Markovnikov's rule).
This transformation converts an alkene into a more reactive alkyl halide compound.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F65de9bc4-597b-4afa-b27c-ce5f41a8c287%2F7a842c1d-5585-4e7d-bf4d-5313b96e116b%2Fremyrg.png&w=3840&q=75)
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