Three pipes of diameters 300 mm, 200 mm and 400 mm and lengths 450 m, 255 m and 315 m, respectively, are connected in series. The difference in water surface levels in two tanks is 18 m. Determine the rate of water flow if coefficients of friction are 0.0075, 0.0078 and 0.0072, respectively, considering: (a) with minor losses, (b) without (neglecting) ‘minor losses

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Fluid Dynamics

The study of the flow of gases and liquids, usually in and around solid surfaces, is known as fluid dynamics in physics and engineering. Fluid dynamics, for example, can be used to evaluate the movement of air through an airplane wing or the surface of a vehicle. It can also be used in ship design to increase the speed at which ships pass through water.