This type of ion channel allows K+ ions to flow into or out of a cell down its concentration gradient. voltage-gated ligand-gated Leak Na+/K+ ATP pump
The cell membrane is a semi-permeable membrane which allows only specific ions and molecules to move in and out of the cell. The transport of a molecule across the cell membrane can be of two types: active or passive.
Passive transport is the transport of molecules across the cell membrane without using the energy or ATP. The molecules travel down their concentration gradient.
It is of two types: simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion. In simple diffusion, molecules travel down their concentration gradients. Usually small and non-polar molecules are transported by simple diffusion. When water moves down its concentration gradient by simple diffusion it is called osmosis.The facilitated diffusion involves the use of membrane transport channels. These channels are highly specific. The molecules move down their concentration gradient by the use of these channels.For example- GLUT4.
Active transport is the transport of molecules across the cell membrane using energy. The molecules travel up their concentration gradient. It is usually done using transport channels.
It is of two types: Primary active transport and Secondary active transport. When ATP is directly involved for the transport of a molecule it is called Primary active transport. For example- sodium/potassium pump
In the Secondary active transport, one molecule travels down its concentration gradient while the other molecule travels up its concentration gradient. The transport of molecules can be done by Symport transport or Antiport transport. In the Symport transport both the molecules travel in the same direction and In the Antiport transport, the molecules travel in the opposite direction. For example- Sodium/ Calcium exchanger.
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