This question concerns block cipher modes. We a simple affine cipher, which can be expressed ollows. her(unsigned char block, char key) (key+11'block)%256; rse of this cipher is shown below.
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- Cryptographic Data ObjectsB has just received the following message, which represents a cryptographic data object:{({(KPbB)KPrS mod KPbS}K1,{|(NB, NA, {{({K2}KPbB, NS)}(G1)KPrA mod NA}K1, {|{({G3}(KPbA)KPrS mod KPbS, G2)}K1|}KPrB)|}KPrA)}KBSThe following explains various terms in this object and some of the abbreviations used:• {M}K represents the encryption of some message/data M using the key K• {|M|}K represents the digital signing of some message/data M using the key K• NX represents a nonce (i.e. a fresh and possibly random number used once only) generatedby X• KpbX represents the public part of the key pair presumably owned by X• KprX represents the private part of the key pair presumably owned by X• KAB represents a symmetric key shared between A and B• K (or K1, K2, K3 etc.) represents some arbitrary key with no assumptions about its scope• M represents some alphanumeric/textual message with no assumptions• G1, G2, G3 etc. are prime numbersWhich of the following sets of keys,…Can you explain this procedure for me?Question 2: Encoding Cryptography is the study of trying to create secure information by obscuring the original message. One simple encryption method is to substitute letters from the original message with other letters. To make it harder to decrypt the hidden message, we may also remove clues such as the length of the words in the message and any punctuation or capitalization. Write a function encode that consumes a string message. The function produces a string which is encrypted according the following procedure: • Only the letters from the original message will be encrypted. Other characters such as spaces, punctuation, numeric digits, etc. are not included in the encrypted message at all. • The encrypted message will only contain uppercase letters. • Each letter will be replaced by the uppercase letter at the opposite end of the English alphabet. In other words, A or a will become z, B or b will become Y, C or c will become x, .., z or z will become A. • The encrypted message will…
- Let's say that an AES-128 key was 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 04. (It's a bad key because it's not random, but we'll use it in this problem anyway.) This is used as "round key 0" what are the first four bytes in "round key 1"? Write each using exactly two hex digits (using lower-case hex for a-f).Python Programmingplease code in python Implement an encryption function that tests that input 0xADE1 yields ciphertext (188, 153). You may hard-code these values for testing. Do NOT use ANY string/character manipulation or arithmetic functions to implement your solution.
- The dotted-decimal notation for the IP address 10010000 10101010 01011011 00101000 The dotted-decimal notation for the IP address 10000001 10100101 01010011 00110011 2 15 19 30 41 59 77 81 85 100 Search for element 45 in the list above using a binary search algorithm. Clearly, show the first, middle, and last indexes as well as the target in every iteration. Show all the steps taken. Use the table below as a guideline with the provided format. Instructions: Start your index at 0 Show all steps Mark the first row as header(The text will be in bold). Use the index number to show the first, last, and mid Use the floor function to find the middle element If struggling to insert a table, you may work this from a Word document and upload your work using the plus sign on the editing options. First last mid 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 target = 45Using Pythonmake code in msath lab do not uses 'if' or 'return'