This diagram shows a _______ and the green things being released into the space are _____. A. cardiac pace maker cell; calcium B. sarcoplasmic reticulum; calcium C. synapse; Sodium ions D. neuromuscular junction; neurotransmitters
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- The pacemaker cardiac muscle cells rely on ______________ for their action potentials. a. Na+ leak channels and fast voltage-gated Na+ channels b. Ca+2 leak channels and slow voltage-gated Ca+2 channels c. Na+ leak channels and fast voltage-gated Ca+2 channels d. Ca+2 leak channels and fast voltage-gated Ca+2 channelsWhich of the following statements about Ca2+ handling in cardiac contractile cells is FALSE? a. One Ca2+ spark is sufficient to cause cross bridge cycling b. When Ca2+ ions flow out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and into the cytosol, they create a Ca2+ spark c. Ca2+ released from the SR provides ~80% of the Ca2+ needed for muscle contraction d. Summed Ca2+ sparks from different RyR channels create a Ca2+ signal sufficient to cause cross bridge cycling e. Ca2+ sparks can be visualised using biochemical methodsWhich statement about activation of heart muscle cells is TRUE? A when a person is resting only a few small motor units in each ventricle are activated in each heartbeat B all of the muscle cells in the ventricles depolarize and contract together because they are connected by gap junctions C motor neurons must synapse with all of the muscle cells in the ventricles at the same time or fibrillation will occur D all of the heart muscle cells have unstable resting membrane potenitals and slowly depolarize to threshold at the same rate
- the opening of what channel will cause the plateau phase of an action potential of ventricular contractile muscle cells a. t type calcium channels b. voltage gated potassium channels c. voltage gated sodium channels d. l type calcium channelsThe movement of which two ions is responsible for maintaining the plateau phase of the action potential of contractile cardiac muscle cells? Select one: a. Ca2+ and Na+ b. Ca2+ and K+ c. Na+ and Cl- d. Na+ and K+ e. K+ and Cl-A. Neuromuscular junction ere a nerve cell contacts a muscle cell relaying a signal to contract in the form of an action potential is В. C. Motor end plate Axon terminals D. Sarcolemma 36-Primary cilia present in endothelial cells, they exhibit a major role in the production of a potent vasodilator that is A. NO gas B Smooth muscles surrounding blood vessels C. Skeletal muscles surrounding veins D. 9+0 structure 37-In the structure of microtubules doublets in the axoneme, all the tubules contain. wall in which ............ is a major component. A. Dynein arm, tektin B. Tubulin, tektin and they share a C. Tektin, Dynein arm D. Nexin connection, interdoublet link 38-The best-studied type of myosin motor protein is A. Myosin II It has two heavy chains with four light chains. B. Myosin V C. Myosin VI D. Myosin X 39-During cell crawling, the formation of a protrusion at the front of the cell is necessary for a cell to move forward. Two types of protrusions depending on actin dynamics. A…
- why are cardiac muscle cells affected by hyperkalemia? A. All choices below are correct B. Resting membrane potential becomes less negative C. Voltage across the cardiac muscle cell cannot be maintained D. The cardiac muscle cell cannot respond to a nerve stimulusIn pacemaker cells the movement of __________ into the cell through voltage-gated channels is primarily responsible for the depolarization phase of the action potential. A Ca2+ ions B K+ ions C Na+ ions D Cl- ionsAction potentials are spread rapidly between cardiac muscle cells by a. sarcomeres. b. intercalated discs. c. chemical neurotransmitters. d. the fibrous skeleton.
- Which of the following is true of propagation of longitudinal electrical flow in cardiac muscle. A. Current flows longitudinally from a region of depolarization through ryanodine receptors. B. Longitudinal current flows through inward rectifier potassium channels. C. This current can be detected at the body surface, if the source is large enough. D. A and B. E. All are true.A heartbeat starts when autorhythmic cells in the 1 [ Select ] (located in the right atrium) create an action potential (electric signal). From there, the signal passes along the internodal pathway to the 2 [ Select] causing the atria to contract. After a slight pause, the signal travels to the 3 [ Select ] , which divides into left and right bundle branches and carries the signal down through the 4 [ Select ] to the apex of the heart. At that point, specialized 5 [ Select ] carry the signal to individual cardiac muscle cells and the 6 [ Select ] contract.The ventricular walls of the human heart are more muscular as compared to the atrial walls. Why do cardiac muscles have a slow onset of contraction and prolonged contraction?